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MITRE ATT&CK - Техника Диспетчер учетных данных Windows
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MITRE ATT&CK
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MITRE ATT&CK
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Диспетчер учетных данных Windo...
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Credentials from Password Stores:  Диспетчер учетных данных Windows

ID Название
.001 Связка ключей
.002 Память securityd
.003 Учетные данные из браузеров
.004 Диспетчер учетных данных Windows
.005 Менеджеры паролей

Adversaries may acquire credentials from the Windows Credential Manager. The Credential Manager stores credentials for signing into websites, applications, and/or devices that request authentication through NTLM or Kerberos in Credential Lockers (previously known as Windows Vaults).(Citation: Microsoft Credential Manager store)(Citation: Microsoft Credential Locker) The Windows Credential Manager separates website credentials from application or network credentials in two lockers. As part of Credentials from Web Browsers, Internet Explorer and Microsoft Edge website credentials are managed by the Credential Manager and are stored in the Web Credentials locker. Application and network credentials are stored in the Windows Credentials locker. Credential Lockers store credentials in encrypted `.vcrd` files, located under `%Systemdrive%\Users\\[Username]\AppData\Local\Microsoft\\[Vault/Credentials]\`. The encryption key can be found in a file named Policy.vpol, typically located in the same folder as the credentials.(Citation: passcape Windows Vault)(Citation: Malwarebytes The Windows Vault) Adversaries may list credentials managed by the Windows Credential Manager through several mechanisms. vaultcmd.exe is a native Windows executable that can be used to enumerate credentials stored in the Credential Locker through a command-line interface. Adversaries may also gather credentials by directly reading files located inside of the Credential Lockers. Windows APIs, such as CredEnumerateA, may also be absued to list credentials managed by the Credential Manager.(Citation: Microsoft CredEnumerate)(Citation: Delpy Mimikatz Crendential Manager) Adversaries may also obtain credentials from credential backups. Credential backups and restorations may be performed by running rundll32.exe keymgr.dll KRShowKeyMgr then selecting the “Back up...” button on the “Stored User Names and Passwords” GUI. Password recovery tools may also obtain plain text passwords from the Credential Manager.(Citation: Malwarebytes The Windows Vault)

ID: T1555.004
Относится к технике:  T1555
Тактика(-и): Credential Access
Платформы: Windows
Источники данных: Command: Command Execution, File: File Access, Process: OS API Execution, Process: Process Creation
Версия: 1.1
Дата создания: 23 Nov 2020
Последнее изменение: 21 Oct 2022

Примеры процедур
Название Описание
OilRig

OilRig has used credential dumping tool named VALUEVAULT to steal credentials from the Windows Credential Manager.(Citation: FireEye APT34 July 2019)
Stealth Falcon

Stealth Falcon malware gathers passwords from the Windows Credential Vault.(Citation: Citizen Lab Stealth Falcon May 2016)
Valak

Valak can use a .NET compiled module named exchgrabber to enumerate credentials from the Credential Manager.(Citation: SentinelOne Valak June 2020)
Turla

Turla has gathered credentials from the Windows Credential Manager tool.(Citation: Symantec Waterbug Jun 2019)

LaZagne

LaZagne can obtain credentials from Vault files.(Citation: GitHub LaZagne Dec 2018)

Lizar

Lizar has a plugin that can retrieve credentials from Internet Explorer and Microsoft Edge using `vaultcmd.exe` and another that can collect RDP access credentials using the `CredEnumerateW` function.(Citation: BiZone Lizar May 2021)
ROKRAT

ROKRAT can steal credentials by leveraging the Windows Vault mechanism.(Citation: Talos Group123)
RainyDay

RainyDay can use the QuarksPwDump tool to obtain local passwords and domain cached credentials.(Citation: Bitdefender Naikon April 2021)
SILENTTRINITY

SILENTTRINITY can gather Windows Vault credentials.(Citation: GitHub SILENTTRINITY Modules July 2019)

Mimikatz

Mimikatz contains functionality to acquire credentials from the Windows Credential Manager.(Citation: Delpy Mimikatz Crendential Manager)
KGH_SPY

KGH_SPY can collect credentials from the Windows Credential Manager.(Citation: Cybereason Kimsuky November 2020)
PowerSploit

PowerSploit contains a collection of Exfiltration modules that can harvest credentials from Windows vault credential objects.(Citation: GitHub PowerSploit May 2012)(Citation: PowerSploit Documentation)

Контрмеры
Контрмера Описание
Disable or Remove Feature or Program

Remove or deny access to unnecessary and potentially vulnerable software to prevent abuse by adversaries.

Обнаружение

Monitor process and command-line parameters of vaultcmd.exe for suspicious activity, such as listing credentials from the Windows Credentials locker (i.e., vaultcmd /listcreds:“Windows Credentials”).(Citation: Malwarebytes The Windows Vault) Consider monitoring API calls such as CredEnumerateA that may list credentials from the Windows Credential Manager.(Citation: Microsoft CredEnumerate)(Citation: Delpy Mimikatz Crendential Manager) Consider monitoring file reads to Vault locations, %Systemdrive%\Users\\[Username]\AppData\Local\Microsoft\\[Vault/Credentials]\, for suspicious activity.(Citation: Malwarebytes The Windows Vault)

Ссылки

  1. Passcape. (n.d.). Windows Password Recovery - Vault Explorer and Decoder. Retrieved November 24, 2020.
  2. Microsoft. (2018, December 5). CredEnumarateA function (wincred.h). Retrieved November 24, 2020.
  3. Microsoft. (2016, August 31). Cached and Stored Credentials Technical Overview. Retrieved November 24, 2020.
  4. Microsoft. (2013, October 23). Credential Locker Overview. Retrieved November 24, 2020.
  5. Delpy, B. (2017, December 12). howto ~ credential manager saved credentials. Retrieved November 23, 2020.
  6. Arntz, P. (2016, March 30). The Windows Vault . Retrieved November 23, 2020.
  7. Marczak, B. and Scott-Railton, J.. (2016, May 29). Keep Calm and (Don’t) Enable Macros: A New Threat Actor Targets UAE Dissidents. Retrieved June 8, 2016.
  8. Reaves, J. and Platt, J. (2020, June). Valak Malware and the Connection to Gozi Loader ConfCrew. Retrieved August 31, 2020.
  9. Salvati, M. (2019, August 6). SILENTTRINITY Modules. Retrieved March 24, 2022.
  10. Dahan, A. et al. (2020, November 2). Back to the Future: Inside the Kimsuky KGH Spyware Suite. Retrieved November 6, 2020.
  11. Vrabie, V. (2021, April 23). NAIKON – Traces from a Military Cyber-Espionage Operation. Retrieved June 29, 2021.
  12. PowerSploit. (n.d.). PowerSploit. Retrieved February 6, 2018.
  13. PowerShellMafia. (2012, May 26). PowerSploit - A PowerShell Post-Exploitation Framework. Retrieved February 6, 2018.
  14. Zanni, A. (n.d.). The LaZagne Project !!!. Retrieved December 14, 2018.
  15. BI.ZONE Cyber Threats Research Team. (2021, May 13). From pentest to APT attack: cybercriminal group FIN7 disguises its malware as an ethical hacker’s toolkit. Retrieved February 2, 2022.
  16. Microsoft. (2016, August 31). Network access: Do not allow storage of passwords and credentials for network authentication. Retrieved November 23, 2020.
  17. Bromiley, M., et al.. (2019, July 18). Hard Pass: Declining APT34’s Invite to Join Their Professional Network. Retrieved August 26, 2019.
  18. Mercer, W., Rascagneres, P. (2018, January 16). Korea In The Crosshairs. Retrieved May 21, 2018.
  19. Symantec DeepSight Adversary Intelligence Team. (2019, June 20). Waterbug: Espionage Group Rolls Out Brand-New Toolset in Attacks Against Governments. Retrieved July 8, 2019.
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УБИ.074 Угроза несанкционированного доступа к аутентификационной информации
Угроза заключается в возможности извлечения паролей, имён пользователей или других учётных данных из оперативной памяти компьюте...

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