Cloud Administration Command
Adversaries may abuse cloud management services to execute commands within virtual machines. Resources such as AWS Systems Manager, Azure RunCommand, and Runbooks allow users to remotely run scripts in virtual machines by leveraging installed virtual machine agents. (Citation: AWS Systems Manager Run Command)(Citation: Microsoft Run Command) If an adversary gains administrative access to a cloud environment, they may be able to abuse cloud management services to execute commands in the environment’s virtual machines. Additionally, an adversary that compromises a service provider or delegated administrator account may similarly be able to leverage a Trusted Relationship to execute commands in connected virtual machines.(Citation: MSTIC Nobelium Oct 2021)
Procedure Examples |
|
Name | Description |
---|---|
APT29 |
APT29 has used Azure Run Command and Azure Admin-on-Behalf-of (AOBO) to execute code on virtual machines.(Citation: MSTIC Nobelium Oct 2021) |
AADInternals |
AADInternals can execute commands on Azure virtual machines using the VM agent.(Citation: AADInternals Root Access to Azure VMs) |
Pacu |
Pacu can run commands on EC2 instances using AWS Systems Manager Run Command.(Citation: GitHub Pacu) |
Mitigations |
|
Mitigation | Description |
---|---|
Privileged Account Management |
Privileged Account Management focuses on implementing policies, controls, and tools to securely manage privileged accounts (e.g., SYSTEM, root, or administrative accounts). This includes restricting access, limiting the scope of permissions, monitoring privileged account usage, and ensuring accountability through logging and auditing.This mitigation can be implemented through the following measures: Account Permissions and Roles: - Implement RBAC and least privilege principles to allocate permissions securely. - Use tools like Active Directory Group Policies to enforce access restrictions. Credential Security: - Deploy password vaulting tools like CyberArk, HashiCorp Vault, or KeePass for secure storage and rotation of credentials. - Enforce password policies for complexity, uniqueness, and expiration using tools like Microsoft Group Policy Objects (GPO). Multi-Factor Authentication (MFA): - Enforce MFA for all privileged accounts using Duo Security, Okta, or Microsoft Azure AD MFA. Privileged Access Management (PAM): - Use PAM solutions like CyberArk, BeyondTrust, or Thycotic to manage, monitor, and audit privileged access. Auditing and Monitoring: - Integrate activity monitoring into your SIEM (e.g., Splunk or QRadar) to detect and alert on anomalous privileged account usage. Just-In-Time Access: - Deploy JIT solutions like Azure Privileged Identity Management (PIM) or configure ephemeral roles in AWS and GCP to grant time-limited elevated permissions. *Tools for Implementation* Privileged Access Management (PAM): - CyberArk, BeyondTrust, Thycotic, HashiCorp Vault. Credential Management: - Microsoft LAPS (Local Admin Password Solution), Password Safe, HashiCorp Vault, KeePass. Multi-Factor Authentication: - Duo Security, Okta, Microsoft Azure MFA, Google Authenticator. Linux Privilege Management: - sudo configuration, SELinux, AppArmor. Just-In-Time Access: - Azure Privileged Identity Management (PIM), AWS IAM Roles with session constraints, GCP Identity-Aware Proxy. |
References
- Microsoft. (2023, March 10). Run scripts in your VM by using Run Command. Retrieved March 13, 2023.
- Microsoft Threat Intelligence Center. (2021, October 25). NOBELIUM targeting delegated administrative privileges to facilitate broader attacks. Retrieved March 25, 2022.
- AWS. (n.d.). AWS Systems Manager Run Command. Retrieved March 13, 2023.
- Adrien Bataille, Anders Vejlby, Jared Scott Wilson, and Nader Zaveri. (2021, December 14). Azure Run Command for Dummies. Retrieved March 13, 2023.
- Dr. Nestori Syynimaa. (2020, June 4). Getting root access to Azure VMs as a Azure AD Global Administrator. Retrieved March 13, 2023.
- Rhino Security Labs. (2019, August 22). Pacu. Retrieved October 17, 2019.
Связанные риски
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