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Supply Chain Compromise:  Компрометация цепочки поставок ПО

ID Название
.001 Компрометация программных зависимостей и инструментов разработки
.002 Компрометация цепочки поставок ПО
.003 Компрометация цепочки поставок комплектующих

Adversaries may manipulate application software prior to receipt by a final consumer for the purpose of data or system compromise. Supply chain compromise of software can take place in a number of ways, including manipulation of the application source code, manipulation of the update/distribution mechanism for that software, or replacing compiled releases with a modified version. Targeting may be specific to a desired victim set or may be distributed to a broad set of consumers but only move on to additional tactics on specific victims.(Citation: Avast CCleaner3 2018)(Citation: Command Five SK 2011)

ID: T1195.002
Относится к технике:  T1195
Тактика(-и): Initial Access
Платформы: Linux, macOS, Windows
Источники данных: File: File Metadata
Версия: 1.1
Дата создания: 11 Mar 2020
Последнее изменение: 15 Apr 2025

Примеры процедур
Название Описание
APT41

APT41 gained access to production environments where they could inject malicious code into legitimate, signed files and widely distribute them to end users.(Citation: FireEye APT41 Aug 2019)
Cobalt Group

Cobalt Group has compromised legitimate web browser updates to deliver a backdoor. (Citation: Crowdstrike GTR2020 Mar 2020)
UNC2452

UNC2452 gained initial network access via a trojanized update of SolarWinds Orion software.(Citation: FireEye SUNBURST Backdoor December 2020)
APT29

APT29 gained initial network access to some victims via a trojanized update of SolarWinds Orion software.(Citation: FireEye SUNBURST Backdoor December 2020)(Citation: Cybersecurity Advisory SVR TTP May 2021)(Citation: Secureworks IRON RITUAL Profile)(Citation: MSTIC Nobelium Oct 2021)
GOLD SOUTHFIELD

GOLD SOUTHFIELD has distributed ransomware by backdooring software installers via a strategic web compromise of the site hosting Italian WinRAR.(Citation: Secureworks REvil September 2019)(Citation: Secureworks GandCrab and REvil September 2019)(Citation: Secureworks GOLD SOUTHFIELD)
GoldenSpy

GoldenSpy has been packaged with a legitimate tax preparation software.(Citation: Trustwave GoldenSpy June 2020)
SUNSPOT

SUNSPOT malware was designed and used to insert SUNBURST into software builds of the SolarWinds Orion IT management product.(Citation: CrowdStrike SUNSPOT Implant January 2021)
Sandworm Team

Sandworm Team has distributed NotPetya by compromising the legitimate Ukrainian accounting software M.E.Doc and replacing a legitimate software update with a malicious one.(Citation: Secureworks NotPetya June 2017)(Citation: ESET Telebots June 2017)(Citation: US District Court Indictment GRU Unit 74455 October 2020)
CCBkdr

CCBkdr was added to a legitimate, signed version 5.33 of the CCleaner software and distributed on CCleaner's distribution site.(Citation: Talos CCleanup 2017)(Citation: Intezer Aurora Sept 2017)(Citation: Avast CCleaner3 2018)
Dragonfly

Dragonfly has placed trojanized installers for control system software on legitimate vendor app stores.(Citation: Secureworks IRON LIBERTY July 2019)(Citation: Gigamon Berserk Bear October 2021)
Threat Group-3390

Threat Group-3390 has compromised the Able Desktop installer to gain access to victim's environments.(Citation: Trend Micro Iron Tiger April 2021)
Daggerfly

Daggerfly is associated with several supply chain compromises using malicious updates to compromise victims.(Citation: ESET EvasivePanda 2023)(Citation: ESET EvasivePanda 2024)
Moonstone Sleet

Moonstone Sleet has distributed a trojanized version of PuTTY software for initial access to victims.(Citation: Microsoft Moonstone Sleet 2024)

During the SolarWinds Compromise, APT29 gained initial network access to some victims via a trojanized update of SolarWinds Orion software.(Citation: SolarWinds Sunburst Sunspot Update January 2021)(Citation: FireEye SUNBURST Backdoor December 2020)(Citation: Cybersecurity Advisory SVR TTP May 2021)(Citation: Microsoft Deep Dive Solorigate January 2021)
FIN7

FIN7 has gained initial access by compromising a victim's software supply chain.(Citation: Mandiant FIN7 Apr 2022)

Контрмеры
Контрмера Описание
Update Software

Software updates ensure systems are protected against known vulnerabilities by applying patches and upgrades provided by vendors. Regular updates reduce the attack surface and prevent adversaries from exploiting known security gaps. This includes patching operating systems, applications, drivers, and firmware. This mitigation can be implemented through the following measures: Regular Operating System Updates - Implementation: Apply the latest Windows security updates monthly using WSUS (Windows Server Update Services) or a similar patch management solution. Configure systems to check for updates automatically and schedule reboots during maintenance windows. - Use Case: Prevents exploitation of OS vulnerabilities such as privilege escalation or remote code execution. Application Patching - Implementation: Monitor Apache's update release notes for security patches addressing vulnerabilities. Schedule updates for off-peak hours to avoid downtime while maintaining security compliance. - Use Case: Prevents exploitation of web application vulnerabilities, such as those leading to unauthorized access or data breaches. Firmware Updates - Implementation: Regularly check the vendor’s website for firmware updates addressing vulnerabilities. Plan for update deployment during scheduled maintenance to minimize business disruption. - Use Case: Protects against vulnerabilities that adversaries could exploit to gain access to network devices or inject malicious traffic. Emergency Patch Deployment - Implementation: Use the emergency patch deployment feature of the organization's patch management tool to apply updates to all affected Exchange servers within 24 hours. - Use Case: Reduces the risk of exploitation by rapidly addressing critical vulnerabilities. Centralized Patch Management - Implementation: Implement a centralized patch management system, such as SCCM or ManageEngine, to automate and track patch deployment across all environments. Generate regular compliance reports to ensure all systems are updated. - Use Case: Streamlines patching processes and ensures no critical systems are missed. *Tools for Implementation* Patch Management Tools: - WSUS: Manage and deploy Microsoft updates across the organization. - ManageEngine Patch Manager Plus: Automate patch deployment for OS and third-party apps. - Ansible: Automate updates across multiple platforms, including Linux and Windows. Vulnerability Scanning Tools: - OpenVAS: Open-source vulnerability scanning to identify missing patches.
Vulnerability Scanning

Vulnerability scanning involves the automated or manual assessment of systems, applications, and networks to identify misconfigurations, unpatched software, or other security weaknesses. The process helps prioritize remediation efforts by classifying vulnerabilities based on risk and impact, reducing the likelihood of exploitation by adversaries. This mitigation can be implemented through the following measures: Proactive Identification of Vulnerabilities - Implementation: Use tools like Nessus or OpenVAS to scan endpoints, servers, and applications for missing patches and configuration issues. Schedule regular scans to ensure timely identification of vulnerabilities introduced by new deployments or updates. - Use Case: A scan identifies unpatched software, such as outdated Apache servers, which could be exploited via CVE-XXXX-XXXX. The server is promptly patched, mitigating the risk. Cloud Environment Scanning - Implementation: Use cloud-specific vulnerability management tools like AWS Inspector, Azure Security Center, or GCP Security Command Center to identify issues like open S3 buckets or overly permissive IAM roles. - Use Case: The scan detects a misconfigured S3 bucket with public read access, which is remediated to prevent potential data leakage. Network Device Scanning - Implementation: Use tools to scan network devices for vulnerabilities, such as weak SNMP strings or outdated firmware. Correlate scan results with vendor advisories to prioritize updates. - Use Case: Scanning detects a router running outdated firmware vulnerable to CVE-XXXX-YYYY. The firmware is updated to a secure version. Web Application Scanning - Implementation: Use dynamic application security testing (DAST) tools such as OWASP ZAP or Burp Suite to scan for common vulnerabilities like SQL injection or cross-site scripting (XSS). Perform regular scans post-deployment to identify newly introduced vulnerabilities. - Use Case: A scan identifies a cross-site scripting vulnerability in a form input field, which is promptly remediated by developers. Prioritizing Vulnerabilities - Implementation: Use vulnerability scoring frameworks like CVSS to assess severity. Integrate vulnerability scanning tools with ticketing systems to assign remediation tasks based on criticality. - Use Case: A critical vulnerability with a CVSS score of 9.8 affecting remote access servers is prioritized and patched first. *Tools for Implementation* Open Source Tools: - OpenVAS: Comprehensive network and system vulnerability scanning. - OWASP ZAP: Dynamic scanning of web applications for vulnerabilities. - Nmap with NSE Scripts: Network scanning with scripts to detect vulnerabilities.

Обнаружение

Use verification of distributed binaries through hash checking or other integrity checking mechanisms. Scan downloads for malicious signatures and attempt to test software and updates prior to deployment while taking note of potential suspicious activity.

Ссылки

  1. Microsoft Threat Intelligence Center. (2021, October 25). NOBELIUM targeting delegated administrative privileges to facilitate broader attacks. Retrieved March 25, 2022.
  2. Secureworks CTU. (n.d.). IRON RITUAL. Retrieved February 24, 2022.
  3. NCSC, CISA, FBI, NSA. (2021, May 7). Further TTPs associated with SVR cyber actors. Retrieved July 29, 2021.
  4. FireEye. (2020, December 13). Highly Evasive Attacker Leverages SolarWinds Supply Chain to Compromise Multiple Global Victims With SUNBURST Backdoor. Retrieved January 4, 2021.
  5. Command Five Pty Ltd. (2011, September). SK Hack by an Advanced Persistent Threat. Retrieved November 17, 2024.
  6. Avast Threat Intelligence Team. (2018, March 8). New investigations into the CCleaner incident point to a possible third stage that had keylogger capacities. Retrieved March 15, 2018.
  7. Fraser, N., et al. (2019, August 7). Double DragonAPT41, a dual espionage and cyber crime operation APT41. Retrieved September 23, 2019.
  8. Crowdstrike. (2020, March 2). 2020 Global Threat Report. Retrieved December 11, 2020.
  9. Secureworks. (n.d.). GOLD SOUTHFIELD. Retrieved October 6, 2020.
  10. Secureworks . (2019, September 24). REvil: The GandCrab Connection. Retrieved August 4, 2020.
  11. Counter Threat Unit Research Team. (2019, September 24). REvil/Sodinokibi Ransomware. Retrieved August 4, 2020.
  12. Trustwave SpiderLabs. (2020, June 25). The Golden Tax Department and Emergence of GoldenSpy Malware. Retrieved July 23, 2020.
  13. CrowdStrike Intelligence Team. (2021, January 11). SUNSPOT: An Implant in the Build Process. Retrieved January 11, 2021.
  14. Scott W. Brady. (2020, October 15). United States vs. Yuriy Sergeyevich Andrienko et al.. Retrieved November 25, 2020.
  15. Counter Threat Research Team. (2017, June 28). NotPetya Campaign: What We Know About the Latest Global Ransomware Attack. Retrieved June 11, 2020.
  16. Cherepanov, A.. (2017, June 30). TeleBots are back: Supply chain attacks against Ukraine. Retrieved June 11, 2020.
  17. Rosenberg, J. (2017, September 20). Evidence Aurora Operation Still Active: Supply Chain Attack Through CCleaner. Retrieved February 13, 2018.
  18. Brumaghin, E. et al. (2017, September 18). CCleanup: A Vast Number of Machines at Risk. Retrieved March 9, 2018.
  19. Slowik, J. (2021, October). THE BAFFLING BERSERK BEAR: A DECADE’S ACTIVITY TARGETING CRITICAL INFRASTRUCTURE. Retrieved December 6, 2021.
  20. Secureworks. (2019, July 24). Resurgent Iron Liberty Targeting Energy Sector. Retrieved August 12, 2020.
  21. Lunghi, D. and Lu, K. (2021, April 9). Iron Tiger APT Updates Toolkit With Evolved SysUpdate Malware. Retrieved November 12, 2021.
  22. Facundo Muñoz. (2023, April 26). Evasive Panda APT group delivers malware via updates for popular Chinese software. Retrieved July 25, 2024.
  23. Ahn Ho, Facundo Muñoz, & Marc-Etienne M.Léveillé. (2024, March 7). Evasive Panda leverages Monlam Festival to target Tibetans. Retrieved July 25, 2024.
  24. Microsoft Threat Intelligence. (2024, May 28). Moonstone Sleet emerges as new North Korean threat actor with new bag of tricks. Retrieved August 26, 2024.
  25. Sudhakar Ramakrishna . (2021, January 11). New Findings From Our Investigation of SUNBURST. Retrieved January 13, 2021.
  26. MSTIC, CDOC, 365 Defender Research Team. (2021, January 20). Deep dive into the Solorigate second-stage activation: From SUNBURST to TEARDROP and Raindrop . Retrieved January 22, 2021.
  27. Abdo, B., et al. (2022, April 4). FIN7 Power Hour: Adversary Archaeology and the Evolution of FIN7. Retrieved April 5, 2022.
  28. OWASP. (2018, February 23). OWASP Top Ten Project. Retrieved April 3, 2018.
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