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MITRE ATT&CK - Техника Получение учетных данных через API
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MITRE ATT&CK
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MITRE ATT&CK
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Получение учетных данных через...
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Input Capture:  Получение учетных данных через API

ID Название
.001 Регистрация нажатий клавиш
.002 Перехват данных с помощью подмены пользовательского интерфейса
.003 Перехват данных на внешних веб-порталах
.004 Получение учетных данных через API

Adversaries may hook into Windows application programming interface (API) functions to collect user credentials. Malicious hooking mechanisms may capture API calls that include parameters that reveal user authentication credentials.(Citation: Microsoft TrojanSpy:Win32/Ursnif.gen!I Sept 2017) Unlike Keylogging, this technique focuses specifically on API functions that include parameters that reveal user credentials. Hooking involves redirecting calls to these functions and can be implemented via: * **Hooks procedures**, which intercept and execute designated code in response to events such as messages, keystrokes, and mouse inputs.(Citation: Microsoft Hook Overview)(Citation: Elastic Process Injection July 2017) * **Import address table (IAT) hooking**, which use modifications to a process’s IAT, where pointers to imported API functions are stored.(Citation: Elastic Process Injection July 2017)(Citation: Adlice Software IAT Hooks Oct 2014)(Citation: MWRInfoSecurity Dynamic Hooking 2015) * **Inline hooking**, which overwrites the first bytes in an API function to redirect code flow.(Citation: Elastic Process Injection July 2017)(Citation: HighTech Bridge Inline Hooking Sept 2011)(Citation: MWRInfoSecurity Dynamic Hooking 2015)

ID: T1056.004
Относится к технике:  T1056
Тактика(-и): Collection, Credential Access
Платформы: Windows
Требуемые разрешения: Administrator, SYSTEM
Источники данных: Process: OS API Execution, Process: Process Metadata
Версия: 1.0
Дата создания: 11 Feb 2020
Последнее изменение: 10 Nov 2020

Примеры процедур
Название Описание
Zeus Panda

Zeus Panda hooks processes by leveraging its own IAT hooked functions.(Citation: GDATA Zeus Panda June 2017)
Carberp

Carberp has hooked several Windows API functions to steal credentials.(Citation: Prevx Carberp March 2011)
FinFisher

FinFisher hooks processes by modifying IAT pointers to CreateWindowEx.(Citation: FinFisher Citation)(Citation: Elastic Process Injection July 2017)
Ursnif

Ursnif has hooked APIs to perform a wide variety of information theft, such as monitoring traffic from browsers.(Citation: TrendMicro Ursnif Mar 2015)
ZxShell

ZxShell hooks several API functions to spawn system threads.(Citation: Talos ZxShell Oct 2014)

PLATINUM

PLATINUM is capable of using Windows hook interfaces for information gathering such as credential access.(Citation: Microsoft PLATINUM April 2016)
Zebrocy

Zebrocy installs an application-defined Windows hook to get notified when a network drive has been attached, so it can then use the hook to call its RecordToFile file stealing method.(Citation: Securelist Sofacy Feb 2018)
RDFSNIFFER

RDFSNIFFER hooks several Win32 API functions to hijack elements of the remote system management user-interface.(Citation: FireEye FIN7 Oct 2019)
Empire

Empire contains some modules that leverage API hooking to carry out tasks, such as netripper.(Citation: Github PowerShell Empire)
TrickBot

TrickBot has the ability to capture RDP credentials by capturing the CredEnumerateA API(Citation: TrendMicro Trickbot Feb 2019)

NOKKI

NOKKI uses the Windows call SetWindowsHookEx and begins injecting it into every GUI process running on the victim's machine.(Citation: Unit 42 NOKKI Sept 2018)

Обнаружение

Monitor for calls to the `SetWindowsHookEx` and `SetWinEventHook` functions, which install a hook procedure.(Citation: Microsoft Hook Overview)(Citation: Volatility Detecting Hooks Sept 2012) Also consider analyzing hook chains (which hold pointers to hook procedures for each type of hook) using tools(Citation: Volatility Detecting Hooks Sept 2012)(Citation: PreKageo Winhook Jul 2011)(Citation: Jay GetHooks Sept 2011) or by programmatically examining internal kernel structures.(Citation: Zairon Hooking Dec 2006)(Citation: EyeofRa Detecting Hooking June 2017) Rootkits detectors(Citation: GMER Rootkits) can also be used to monitor for various types of hooking activity. Verify integrity of live processes by comparing code in memory to that of corresponding static binaries, specifically checking for jumps and other instructions that redirect code flow. Also consider taking snapshots of newly started processes(Citation: Microsoft Process Snapshot) to compare the in-memory IAT to the real addresses of the referenced functions.(Citation: StackExchange Hooks Jul 2012)(Citation: Adlice Software IAT Hooks Oct 2014)

Ссылки

  1. Stack Exchange - Security. (2012, July 31). What are the methods to find hooked functions and APIs?. Retrieved December 12, 2017.
  2. Microsoft. (n.d.). Taking a Snapshot and Viewing Processes. Retrieved December 12, 2017.
  3. GMER. (n.d.). GMER. Retrieved December 12, 2017.
  4. Eye of Ra. (2017, June 27). Windows Keylogger Part 2: Defense against user-land. Retrieved December 12, 2017.
  5. Felici, M. (2006, December 6). Any application-defined hook procedure on my machine?. Retrieved December 12, 2017.
  6. Satiro, J. (2011, September 14). GetHooks. Retrieved December 12, 2017.
  7. Prekas, G. (2011, July 11). Winhook. Retrieved December 12, 2017.
  8. Volatility Labs. (2012, September 24). MoVP 3.1 Detecting Malware Hooks in the Windows GUI Subsystem. Retrieved December 12, 2017.
  9. Mariani, B. (2011, September 6). Inline Hooking in Windows. Retrieved December 12, 2017.
  10. Hillman, M. (2015, August 8). Dynamic Hooking Techniques: User Mode. Retrieved December 20, 2017.
  11. Tigzy. (2014, October 15). Userland Rootkits: Part 1, IAT hooks. Retrieved December 12, 2017.
  12. Hosseini, A. (2017, July 18). Ten Process Injection Techniques: A Technical Survey Of Common And Trending Process Injection Techniques. Retrieved December 7, 2017.
  13. Microsoft. (n.d.). Hooks Overview. Retrieved December 12, 2017.
  14. Microsoft. (2017, September 15). TrojanSpy:Win32/Ursnif.gen!I. Retrieved December 18, 2017.
  15. Grunzweig, J., Lee, B. (2018, September 27). New KONNI Malware attacking Eurasia and Southeast Asia. Retrieved November 5, 2018.
  16. Carr, N, et all. (2019, October 10). Mahalo FIN7: Responding to the Criminal Operators’ New Tools and Techniques. Retrieved October 11, 2019.
  17. Giuliani, M., Allievi, A. (2011, February 28). Carberp - a modular information stealing trojan. Retrieved July 15, 2020.
  18. Kaspersky Lab's Global Research & Analysis Team. (2018, February 20). A Slice of 2017 Sofacy Activity. Retrieved November 27, 2018.
  19. Allievi, A., et al. (2014, October 28). Threat Spotlight: Group 72, Opening the ZxShell. Retrieved September 24, 2019.
  20. Ebach, L. (2017, June 22). Analysis Results of Zeus.Variant.Panda. Retrieved November 5, 2018.
  21. Llimos, N., Pascual, C.. (2019, February 12). Trickbot Adds Remote Application Credential-Grabbing Capabilities to Its Repertoire. Retrieved March 12, 2019.
  22. Schroeder, W., Warner, J., Nelson, M. (n.d.). Github PowerShellEmpire. Retrieved April 28, 2016.
  23. FinFisher. (n.d.). Retrieved December 20, 2017.
  24. Windows Defender Advanced Threat Hunting Team. (2016, April 29). PLATINUM: Targeted attacks in South and Southeast Asia. Retrieved February 15, 2018.
  25. Caragay, R. (2015, March 26). URSNIF: The Multifaceted Malware. Retrieved June 5, 2019.
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