Исследование парольной политики
Adversaries may attempt to access detailed information about the password policy used within an enterprise network or cloud environment. Password policies are a way to enforce complex passwords that are difficult to guess or crack through Brute Force. This information may help the adversary to create a list of common passwords and launch dictionary and/or brute force attacks which adheres to the policy (e.g. if the minimum password length should be 8, then not trying passwords such as 'pass123'; not checking for more than 3-4 passwords per account if the lockout is set to 6 as to not lock out accounts).
Password policies can be set and discovered on Windows, Linux, and macOS systems via various command shell utilities such as net accounts (/domain), Get-ADDefaultDomainPasswordPolicy, chage -l , cat /etc/pam.d/common-password, and pwpolicy getaccountpolicies (Citation: Superuser Linux Password Policies) (Citation: Jamf User Password Policies). Adversaries may also leverage a Network Device CLI on network devices to discover password policy information (e.g. show aaa, show aaa common-criteria policy all).(Citation: US-CERT-TA18-106A)
Password policies can be discovered in cloud environments using available APIs such as GetAccountPasswordPolicy in AWS (Citation: AWS GetPasswordPolicy).
Примеры процедур |
|
| Название | Описание |
|---|---|
| Net |
The |
| CrackMapExec |
CrackMapExec can discover the password policies applied to the target system.(Citation: CME Github September 2018) |
| BloodHound |
BloodHound can collect password policy information on the target environment.(Citation: CrowdStrike BloodHound April 2018) |
|
During Operation CuckooBees, the threat actors used the `net accounts` command as part of their advanced reconnaissance.(Citation: Cybereason OperationCuckooBees May 2022) |
|
| OilRig |
OilRig has used net.exe in a script with |
| Chimera |
Chimera has used the NtdsAudit utility to collect information related to accounts and passwords.(Citation: NCC Group Chimera January 2021) |
| Kwampirs |
Kwampirs collects password policy information with the command |
| Turla |
Turla has used |
| PoshC2 |
PoshC2 can use |
Контрмеры |
|
| Контрмера | Описание |
|---|---|
| Password Policies |
Set and enforce secure password policies for accounts. |
| Password Policy Discovery Mitigation |
Mitigating discovery of password policies is not advised since the information is required to be known by systems and users of a network. Ensure password policies are such that they mitigate brute force attacks yet will not give an adversary an information advantage because the policies are too light. Active Directory is a common way to set and enforce password policies throughout an enterprise network. (Citation: Microsoft Password Complexity) |
Обнаружение
Monitor logs and processes for tools and command line arguments that may indicate they're being used for password policy discovery. Correlate that activity with other suspicious activity from the originating system to reduce potential false positives from valid user or administrator activity. Adversaries will likely attempt to find the password policy early in an operation and the activity is likely to happen with other Discovery activity.
Ссылки
- US-CERT. (2018, April 20). Alert (TA18-106A) Russian State-Sponsored Cyber Actors Targeting Network Infrastructure Devices. Retrieved October 19, 2020.
- Matutiae, M. (2014, August 6). How to display password policy information for a user (Ubuntu)?. Retrieved April 5, 2018.
- Holland, J. (2016, January 25). User password policies on non AD machines. Retrieved April 5, 2018.
- Amazon Web Services. (n.d.). AWS API GetAccountPasswordPolicy. Retrieved June 8, 2021.
- Jansen, W . (2021, January 12). Abusing cloud services to fly under the radar. Retrieved January 19, 2021.
- Red Team Labs. (2018, April 24). Hidden Administrative Accounts: BloodHound to the Rescue. Retrieved October 28, 2020.
- Microsoft. (n.d.). Installing and Registering a Password Filter DLL. Retrieved November 21, 2017.
- byt3bl33d3r. (2018, September 8). SMB: Command Reference. Retrieved July 17, 2020.
- Singh, S., Yin, H. (2016, May 22). https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2016/05/targeted_attacksaga.html. Retrieved April 5, 2018.
- Symantec Security Response Attack Investigation Team. (2018, April 23). New Orangeworm attack group targets the healthcare sector in the U.S., Europe, and Asia. Retrieved May 8, 2018.
- Faou, M. (2020, May). From Agent.btz to ComRAT v4: A ten-year journey. Retrieved June 15, 2020.
- Cybereason Nocturnus. (2022, May 4). Operation CuckooBees: Deep-Dive into Stealthy Winnti Techniques. Retrieved September 22, 2022.
- Nettitude. (2018, July 23). Python Server for PoshC2. Retrieved April 23, 2019.
- Savill, J. (1999, March 4). Net.exe reference. Retrieved September 22, 2015.
Связанные риски
Каталоги
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