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MITRE ATT&CK - Technique Audio Capture
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Audio Capture
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Audio Capture

An adversary can leverage a computer's peripheral devices (e.g., microphones and webcams) or applications (e.g., voice and video call services) to capture audio recordings for the purpose of listening into sensitive conversations to gather information. Malware or scripts may be used to interact with the devices through an available API provided by the operating system or an application to capture audio. Audio files may be written to disk and exfiltrated later.

ID: T1123
Tactic(s): Collection
Platforms: Linux, macOS, Windows
Permissions Required: User
Data Sources: Command: Command Execution, Process: OS API Execution
Version: 1.0
Created: 31 May 2017
Last Modified: 14 Jul 2020

Procedure Examples
Name Description
Flame

Flame can record audio using any existing hardware recording devices.(Citation: Kaspersky Flame)(Citation: Kaspersky Flame Functionality)
ROKRAT

ROKRAT has an audio capture and eavesdropping module.(Citation: Securelist ScarCruft May 2019)
Bandook

Bandook has modules that are capable of capturing audio.(Citation: EFF Manul Aug 2016)
PowerSploit

PowerSploit's Get-MicrophoneAudio Exfiltration module can record system microphone audio.(Citation: GitHub PowerSploit May 2012)(Citation: PowerSploit Documentation)
VERMIN

VERMIN can perform audio capture.(Citation: Unit 42 VERMIN Jan 2018)
TajMahal

TajMahal has the ability to capture VoiceIP application audio on an infected host.(Citation: Kaspersky TajMahal April 2019)
Pupy

Pupy can record sound with the microphone.(Citation: GitHub Pupy)
EvilGrab

EvilGrab has the capability to capture audio from a victim machine.(Citation: PWC Cloud Hopper Technical Annex April 2017)
Cadelspy

Cadelspy has the ability to record audio from the compromised host.(Citation: Symantec Chafer Dec 2015)
NanoCore

NanoCore can capture audio feeds from the system.(Citation: DigiTrust NanoCore Jan 2017)(Citation: PaloAlto NanoCore Feb 2016)
Crimson

Crimson can perform audio surveillance using microphones.(Citation: Kaspersky Transparent Tribe August 2020)
MacMa

MacMa has the ability to record audio.(Citation: Objective-See MacMa Nov 2021)
T9000

T9000 uses the Skype API to record audio and video calls. It writes encrypted data to %APPDATA%\Intel\Skype.(Citation: Palo Alto T9000 Feb 2016)
Machete

Machete captures audio from the computer’s microphone.(Citation: Securelist Machete Aug 2014)(Citation: Cylance Machete Mar 2017)(Citation: 360 Machete Sep 2020)
Janicab

Janicab captured audio and sent it out to a C2 server.(Citation: f-secure janicab)(Citation: Janicab)
Cobian RAT

Cobian RAT has a feature to perform voice recording on the victim’s machine.(Citation: Zscaler Cobian Aug 2017)
InvisiMole

InvisiMole can record sound using input audio devices.(Citation: ESET InvisiMole June 2018)(Citation: ESET InvisiMole June 2020)
Revenge RAT

Revenge RAT has a plugin for microphone interception.(Citation: Cylance Shaheen Nov 2018)(Citation: Cofense RevengeRAT Feb 2019)
Derusbi

Derusbi is capable of performing audio captures.(Citation: FireEye Periscope March 2018)
DarkComet

DarkComet can listen in to victims' conversations through the system’s microphone.(Citation: TrendMicro DarkComet Sept 2014)(Citation: Malwarebytes DarkComet March 2018)
MacSpy

MacSpy can record the sounds from microphones on a computer.(Citation: objsee mac malware 2017)
Imminent Monitor

Imminent Monitor has a remote microphone monitoring capability.(Citation: Imminent Unit42 Dec2019)(Citation: QiAnXin APT-C-36 Feb2019)
DOGCALL

DOGCALL can capture microphone data from the victim's machine.(Citation: Unit 42 Nokki Oct 2018)
jRAT

jRAT can capture microphone recordings.(Citation: Kaspersky Adwind Feb 2016)
Remcos

Remcos can capture data from the system’s microphone.(Citation: Fortinet Remcos Feb 2017)
Micropsia

Micropsia can perform microphone recording.(Citation: Radware Micropsia July 2018)
APT37

APT37 has used an audio capturing utility known as SOUNDWAVE that captures microphone input.(Citation: FireEye APT37 Feb 2018)
Attor

Attor's has a plugin that is capable of recording audio using available input sound devices.(Citation: ESET Attor Oct 2019)

Mitigations
Mitigation Description
Audio Capture Mitigation

Mitigating this technique specifically may be difficult as it requires fine-grained API control. Efforts should be focused on preventing unwanted or unknown code from executing on a system. Identify and block potentially malicious software that may be used to record audio by using whitelisting (Citation: Beechey 2010) tools, like AppLocker, (Citation: Windows Commands JPCERT) (Citation: NSA MS AppLocker) or Software Restriction Policies (Citation: Corio 2008) where appropriate. (Citation: TechNet Applocker vs SRP)

Detection

Detection of this technique may be difficult due to the various APIs that may be used. Telemetry data regarding API use may not be useful depending on how a system is normally used, but may provide context to other potentially malicious activity occurring on a system. Behavior that could indicate technique use include an unknown or unusual process accessing APIs associated with devices or software that interact with the microphone, recording devices, or recording software, and a process periodically writing files to disk that contain audio data.

References

  1. PowerSploit. (n.d.). PowerSploit. Retrieved February 6, 2018.
  2. PowerShellMafia. (2012, May 26). PowerSploit - A PowerShell Post-Exploitation Framework. Retrieved February 6, 2018.
  3. Grunzweig, J. and Miller-Osborn, J.. (2016, February 4). T9000: Advanced Modular Backdoor Uses Complex Anti-Analysis Techniques. Retrieved April 15, 2016.
  4. Thomas. (2013, July 15). New signed malware called Janicab. Retrieved July 17, 2017.
  5. Brod. (2013, July 15). Signed Mac Malware Using Right-to-Left Override Trick. Retrieved July 17, 2017.
  6. Kujawa, A. (2018, March 27). You dirty RAT! Part 1: DarkComet. Retrieved November 6, 2018.
  7. TrendMicro. (2014, September 03). DARKCOMET. Retrieved November 6, 2018.
  8. FireEye. (2018, March 16). Suspected Chinese Cyber Espionage Group (TEMP.Periscope) Targeting U.S. Engineering and Maritime Industries. Retrieved April 11, 2018.
  9. GReAT. (2019, May 13). ScarCruft continues to evolve, introduces Bluetooth harvester. Retrieved June 4, 2019.
  10. Galperin, E., Et al.. (2016, August). I Got a Letter From the Government the Other Day.... Retrieved April 25, 2018.
  11. Dedola, G. (2020, August 20). Transparent Tribe: Evolution analysis, part 1. Retrieved September 2, 2021.
  12. kate. (2020, September 25). APT-C-43 steals Venezuelan military secrets to provide intelligence support for the reactionaries — HpReact campaign. Retrieved November 20, 2020.
  13. The Cylance Threat Research Team. (2017, March 22). El Machete's Malware Attacks Cut Through LATAM. Retrieved September 13, 2019.
  14. Kaspersky Global Research and Analysis Team. (2014, August 20). El Machete. Retrieved September 13, 2019.
  15. Hromcova, Z. (2019, October). AT COMMANDS, TOR-BASED COMMUNICATIONS: MEET ATTOR, A FANTASY CREATURE AND ALSO A SPY PLATFORM. Retrieved May 6, 2020.
  16. Tsarfaty, Y. (2018, July 25). Micropsia Malware. Retrieved November 13, 2018.
  17. Hromcova, Z. and Cherpanov, A. (2020, June). INVISIMOLE: THE HIDDEN PART OF THE STORY. Retrieved July 16, 2020.
  18. Hromcová, Z. (2018, June 07). InvisiMole: Surprisingly equipped spyware, undercover since 2013. Retrieved July 10, 2018.
  19. Gannon, M. (2019, February 11). With Upgrades in Delivery and Support Infrastructure, Revenge RAT Malware is a Bigger Threat. Retrieved May 1, 2019.
  20. Livelli, K, et al. (2018, November 12). Operation Shaheen. Retrieved May 1, 2019.
  21. FireEye. (2018, February 20). APT37 (Reaper): The Overlooked North Korean Actor. Retrieved March 1, 2018.
  22. Wardle, P. (2021, November 11). OSX.CDDS (OSX.MacMa). Retrieved June 30, 2022.
  23. Kasza, A., Halfpop, T. (2016, February 09). NanoCoreRAT Behind an Increase in Tax-Themed Phishing E-mails. Retrieved November 9, 2018.
  24. The DigiTrust Group. (2017, January 01). NanoCore Is Not Your Average RAT. Retrieved November 9, 2018.
  25. Nicolas Verdier. (n.d.). Retrieved January 29, 2018.
  26. Symantec Security Response. (2015, December 7). Iran-based attackers use back door threats to spy on Middle Eastern targets. Retrieved April 17, 2019.
  27. Kamluk, V. & Gostev, A. (2016, February). Adwind - A Cross-Platform RAT. Retrieved April 23, 2019.
  28. Lancaster, T., Cortes, J. (2018, January 29). VERMIN: Quasar RAT and Custom Malware Used In Ukraine. Retrieved July 5, 2018.
  29. Patrick Wardle. (n.d.). Mac Malware of 2017. Retrieved September 21, 2018.
  30. PwC and BAE Systems. (2017, April). Operation Cloud Hopper: Technical Annex. Retrieved April 13, 2017.
  31. Gostev, A. (2012, May 30). Flame: Bunny, Frog, Munch and BeetleJuice…. Retrieved March 1, 2017.
  32. Gostev, A. (2012, May 28). The Flame: Questions and Answers. Retrieved March 1, 2017.
  33. QiAnXin Threat Intelligence Center. (2019, February 18). APT-C-36: Continuous Attacks Targeting Colombian Government Institutions and Corporations. Retrieved May 5, 2020.
  34. Unit 42. (2019, December 2). Imminent Monitor – a RAT Down Under. Retrieved May 5, 2020.
  35. Bacurio, F., Salvio, J. (2017, February 14). REMCOS: A New RAT In The Wild. Retrieved November 6, 2018.
  36. GReAT. (2019, April 10). Project TajMahal – a sophisticated new APT framework. Retrieved October 14, 2019.
  37. Grunzweig, J. (2018, October 01). NOKKI Almost Ties the Knot with DOGCALL: Reaper Group Uses New Malware to Deploy RAT. Retrieved November 5, 2018.
  38. Yadav, A., et al. (2017, August 31). Cobian RAT – A backdoored RAT. Retrieved November 13, 2018.
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