Cервис управления информационной безопасностью
Cервис управления информационной безопасностью
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MITRE ATT&CK - Technique Office Application Startup
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MITRE ATT&CK
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Office Application Startup
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Office Application Startup

ID Name
.001 Office Template Macros
.002 Office Test
.003 Outlook Forms
.004 Outlook Home Page
.005 Outlook Rules
.006 Add-ins

Adversaries may leverage Microsoft Office-based applications for persistence between startups. Microsoft Office is a fairly common application suite on Windows-based operating systems within an enterprise network. There are multiple mechanisms that can be used with Office for persistence when an Office-based application is started; this can include the use of Office Template Macros and add-ins. A variety of features have been discovered in Outlook that can be abused to obtain persistence, such as Outlook rules, forms, and Home Page.(Citation: SensePost Ruler GitHub) These persistence mechanisms can work within Outlook or be used through Office 365.(Citation: TechNet O365 Outlook Rules)

ID: T1137
Sub-techniques:  .001 .002 .003 .004 .005 .006
Tactic(s): Persistence
Platforms: Office 365, Windows
Permissions Required: Administrator, User
Data Sources: Application Log: Application Log Content, Command: Command Execution, File: File Creation, File: File Modification, Module: Module Load, Process: Process Creation, Windows Registry: Windows Registry Key Creation, Windows Registry: Windows Registry Key Modification
Version: 1.3
Created: 14 Dec 2017
Last Modified: 15 Oct 2021

Procedure Examples
Name Description
APT32

APT32 have replaced Microsoft Outlook's VbaProject.OTM file to install a backdoor macro for persistence.(Citation: Cybereason Oceanlotus May 2017)(Citation: Cybereason Cobalt Kitty 2017)
Gamaredon Group

Gamaredon Group has inserted malicious macros into existing documents, providing persistence when they are reopened. Gamaredon Group has loaded the group's previously delivered VBA project by relaunching Microsoft Outlook with the /altvba option, once the Application.Startup event is received.(Citation: ESET Gamaredon June 2020)

Mitigations
Mitigation Description
Disable or Remove Feature or Program

Remove or deny access to unnecessary and potentially vulnerable software to prevent abuse by adversaries.
Behavior Prevention on Endpoint

Use capabilities to prevent suspicious behavior patterns from occurring on endpoint systems. This could include suspicious process, file, API call, etc. behavior.
Update Software

Perform regular software updates to mitigate exploitation risk.
Software Configuration

Implement configuration changes to software (other than the operating system) to mitigate security risks associated to how the software operates.

Detection

Collect process execution information including process IDs (PID) and parent process IDs (PPID) and look for abnormal chains of activity resulting from Office processes. Non-standard process execution trees may also indicate suspicious or malicious behavior. If winword.exe is the parent process for suspicious processes and activity relating to other adversarial techniques, then it could indicate that the application was used maliciously. Many Office-related persistence mechanisms require changes to the Registry and for binaries, files, or scripts to be written to disk or existing files modified to include malicious scripts. Collect events related to Registry key creation and modification for keys that could be used for Office-based persistence.(Citation: CrowdStrike Outlook Forms)(Citation: Outlook Today Home Page) Microsoft has released a PowerShell script to safely gather mail forwarding rules and custom forms in your mail environment as well as steps to interpret the output.(Citation: Microsoft Detect Outlook Forms) SensePost, whose tool Ruler can be used to carry out malicious rules, forms, and Home Page attacks, has released a tool to detect Ruler usage.(Citation: SensePost NotRuler)

References

  1. SensePost. (2017, September 21). NotRuler - The opposite of Ruler, provides blue teams with the ability to detect Ruler usage against Exchange. Retrieved February 4, 2019.
  2. Fox, C., Vangel, D. (2018, April 22). Detect and Remediate Outlook Rules and Custom Forms Injections Attacks in Office 365. Retrieved February 4, 2019.
  3. Soutcast. (2018, September 14). Outlook Today Homepage Persistence. Retrieved February 5, 2019.
  4. Parisi, T., et al. (2017, July). Using Outlook Forms for Lateral Movement and Persistence. Retrieved February 5, 2019.
  5. Koeller, B.. (2018, February 21). Defending Against Rules and Forms Injection. Retrieved November 5, 2019.
  6. SensePost. (2016, August 18). Ruler: A tool to abuse Exchange services. Retrieved February 4, 2019.
  7. Microsoft. (2021, July 2). Use attack surface reduction rules to prevent malware infection. Retrieved June 24, 2021.
  8. Dahan, A. (2017). Operation Cobalt Kitty. Retrieved December 27, 2018.
  9. Dahan, A. (2017, May 24). OPERATION COBALT KITTY: A LARGE-SCALE APT IN ASIA CARRIED OUT BY THE OCEANLOTUS GROUP. Retrieved November 5, 2018.
  10. Boutin, J. (2020, June 11). Gamaredon group grows its game. Retrieved June 16, 2020.
  11. Falcone, R. (2016, July 20). Technical Walkthrough: Office Test Persistence Method Used In Recent Sofacy Attacks. Retrieved July 3, 2017.
  12. Stalmans, E. (2017, October 11). Outlook Home Page – Another Ruler Vector. Retrieved February 4, 2019.
  13. Stalmans, E. (2017, April 28). Outlook Forms and Shells. Retrieved February 4, 2019.
  14. Knowles, W. (2017, April 21). Add-In Opportunities for Office Persistence. Retrieved July 3, 2017.
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