Container and Resource Discovery
Adversaries may attempt to discover containers and other resources that are available within a containers environment. Other resources may include images, deployments, pods, nodes, and other information such as the status of a cluster. These resources can be viewed within web applications such as the Kubernetes dashboard or can be queried via the Docker and Kubernetes APIs.(Citation: Docker API)(Citation: Kubernetes API) In Docker, logs may leak information about the environment, such as the environment’s configuration, which services are available, and what cloud provider the victim may be utilizing. The discovery of these resources may inform an adversary’s next steps in the environment, such as how to perform lateral movement and which methods to utilize for execution.
Procedure Examples |
|
| Name | Description |
|---|---|
| Peirates |
Peirates can enumerate Kubernetes pods in a given namespace.(Citation: Peirates GitHub) |
| TeamTNT |
TeamTNT has checked for running containers with |
| Hildegard |
Hildegard has used masscan to search for kubelets and the kubelet API for additional running containers.(Citation: Unit 42 Hildegard Malware) |
Mitigations |
|
| Mitigation | Description |
|---|---|
| Network Segmentation |
Architect sections of the network to isolate critical systems, functions, or resources. Use physical and logical segmentation to prevent access to potentially sensitive systems and information. Use a DMZ to contain any internet-facing services that should not be exposed from the internal network. Configure separate virtual private cloud (VPC) instances to isolate critical cloud systems. |
| Limit Access to Resource Over Network |
Prevent access to file shares, remote access to systems, unnecessary services. Mechanisms to limit access may include use of network concentrators, RDP gateways, etc. |
| User Account Management |
Manage the creation, modification, use, and permissions associated to user accounts. |
Detection
Establish centralized logging for the activity of container and Kubernetes cluster components. This can be done by deploying logging agents on Kubernetes nodes and retrieving logs from sidecar proxies for application pods to detect malicious activity at the cluster level. Monitor logs for actions that could be taken to gather information about container infrastructure, including the use of discovery API calls by new or unexpected users. Monitor account activity logs to see actions performed and activity associated with the Kubernetes dashboard and other web applications.
References
- The Kubernetes Authors. (n.d.). The Kubernetes API. Retrieved March 29, 2021.
- Docker. (n.d.). Docker Engine API v1.41 Reference. Retrieved March 31, 2021.
- InGuardians. (2022, January 5). Peirates GitHub. Retrieved February 8, 2022.
- Fiser, D. Oliveira, A. (n.d.). Tracking the Activities of TeamTNT A Closer Look at a Cloud-Focused Malicious Actor Group. Retrieved September 22, 2021.
- Darin Smith. (2022, April 21). TeamTNT targeting AWS, Alibaba. Retrieved August 4, 2022.
- Chen, J. et al. (2021, February 3). Hildegard: New TeamTNT Cryptojacking Malware Targeting Kubernetes. Retrieved April 5, 2021.
- The Kubernetes Authors. (n.d.). Controlling Access to The Kubernetes API. Retrieved March 29, 2021.
- Microsoft. (2023, February 27). AKS-managed Azure Active Directory integration. Retrieved March 8, 2023.
- Kubernetes. (n.d.). Overview of Cloud Native Security. Retrieved March 8, 2023.
- Docker. (n.d.). Protect the Docker Daemon Socket. Retrieved March 29, 2021.
- Kubernetes. (n.d.). Role Based Access Control Good Practices. Retrieved March 8, 2023.
Связанные риски
Каталоги
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