Brute Force: Взлом пароля
Other sub-techniques of Brute Force (4)
Adversaries may use password cracking to attempt to recover usable credentials, such as plaintext passwords, when credential material such as password hashes are obtained. OS Credential Dumping can be used to obtain password hashes, this may only get an adversary so far when Pass the Hash is not an option. Further, adversaries may leverage Data from Configuration Repository in order to obtain hashed credentials for network devices.(Citation: US-CERT-TA18-106A) Techniques to systematically guess the passwords used to compute hashes are available, or the adversary may use a pre-computed rainbow table to crack hashes. Cracking hashes is usually done on adversary-controlled systems outside of the target network.(Citation: Wikipedia Password cracking) The resulting plaintext password resulting from a successfully cracked hash may be used to log into systems, resources, and services in which the account has access.
Примеры процедур |
|
| Название | Описание |
|---|---|
| APT3 |
APT3 has been known to brute force password hashes to be able to leverage plain text credentials.(Citation: APT3 Adversary Emulation Plan) |
| Net Crawler |
Net Crawler uses a list of known credentials gathered through credential dumping to guess passwords to accounts as it spreads throughout a network.(Citation: Cylance Cleaver) |
| Dragonfly |
Dragonfly has dropped and executed tools used for password cracking, including Hydra and CrackMapExec.(Citation: US-CERT TA18-074A)(Citation: Kali Hydra) |
| APT41 |
APT41 performed password brute-force attacks on the local admin account.(Citation: FireEye APT41 Aug 2019) |
| Dragonfly 2.0 |
Dragonfly 2.0 dropped and executed tools used for password cracking, including Hydra and CrackMapExec.(Citation: US-CERT TA18-074A)(Citation: US-CERT APT Energy Oct 2017)(Citation: Kali Hydra) |
| FIN6 |
FIN6 has extracted password hashes from ntds.dit to crack offline.(Citation: FireEye FIN6 April 2016) |
|
During Night Dragon, threat actors used Cain & Abel to crack password hashes.(Citation: McAfee Night Dragon) |
|
Контрмеры |
|
| Контрмера | Описание |
|---|---|
| Password Policies |
Set and enforce secure password policies for accounts. |
| Multi-factor Authentication |
Use two or more pieces of evidence to authenticate to a system; such as username and password in addition to a token from a physical smart card or token generator. |
Обнаружение
It is difficult to detect when hashes are cracked, since this is generally done outside the scope of the target network. Consider focusing efforts on detecting other adversary behavior used to acquire credential materials, such as OS Credential Dumping or Kerberoasting.
Ссылки
- Kali. (2014, February 18). THC-Hydra. Retrieved November 2, 2017.
- US-CERT. (2017, October 20). Alert (TA17-293A): Advanced Persistent Threat Activity Targeting Energy and Other Critical Infrastructure Sectors. Retrieved November 2, 2017.
- US-CERT. (2018, March 16). Alert (TA18-074A): Russian Government Cyber Activity Targeting Energy and Other Critical Infrastructure Sectors. Retrieved June 6, 2018.
- Wikipedia. (n.d.). Password cracking. Retrieved December 23, 2015.
- US-CERT. (2018, April 20). Alert (TA18-106A) Russian State-Sponsored Cyber Actors Targeting Network Infrastructure Devices. Retrieved October 19, 2020.
- FireEye Threat Intelligence. (2016, April). Follow the Money: Dissecting the Operations of the Cyber Crime Group FIN6. Retrieved June 1, 2016.
- Grassi, P., et al. (2017, December 1). SP 800-63-3, Digital Identity Guidelines. Retrieved January 16, 2019.
- Cylance. (2014, December). Operation Cleaver. Retrieved September 14, 2017.
- McAfee® Foundstone® Professional Services and McAfee Labs™. (2011, February 10). Global Energy Cyberattacks: “Night Dragon”. Retrieved February 19, 2018.
- Fraser, N., et al. (2019, August 7). Double DragonAPT41, a dual espionage and cyber crime operation APT41. Retrieved September 23, 2019.
- Korban, C, et al. (2017, September). APT3 Adversary Emulation Plan. Retrieved January 16, 2018.
Связанные риски
Каталоги
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