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MITRE ATT&CK - Техника Атрибуты файла NTFS
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Атрибуты файла NTFS
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Hide Artifacts:  Атрибуты файла NTFS

ID Название
.001 Скрытые файлы и каталоги
.002 Скрытые пользователи
.003 Скрытое окно
.004 Атрибуты файла NTFS
.005 Скрытая файловая система
.006 Запуск виртуальной машины
.007 Сокрытие в скомпилированном VBA-коде
.008 Правила для сокрытия писем
.009 Разветвление ресурсов
.010 Подмена аргументов процесса

Adversaries may use NTFS file attributes to hide their malicious data in order to evade detection. Every New Technology File System (NTFS) formatted partition contains a Master File Table (MFT) that maintains a record for every file/directory on the partition. (Citation: SpectorOps Host-Based Jul 2017) Within MFT entries are file attributes, (Citation: Microsoft NTFS File Attributes Aug 2010) such as Extended Attributes (EA) and Data [known as Alternate Data Streams (ADSs) when more than one Data attribute is present], that can be used to store arbitrary data (and even complete files). (Citation: SpectorOps Host-Based Jul 2017) (Citation: Microsoft File Streams) (Citation: MalwareBytes ADS July 2015) (Citation: Microsoft ADS Mar 2014) Adversaries may store malicious data or binaries in file attribute metadata instead of directly in files. This may be done to evade some defenses, such as static indicator scanning tools and anti-virus. (Citation: Journey into IR ZeroAccess NTFS EA) (Citation: MalwareBytes ADS July 2015)

ID: T1564.004
Относится к технике:  T1564
Тактика(-и): Defense Evasion
Платформы: Windows
Источники данных: Command: Command Execution, File: File Metadata, File: File Modification, Process: OS API Execution
Версия: 1.0
Дата создания: 13 Mar 2020
Последнее изменение: 29 Mar 2020

Примеры процедур
Название Описание
Regin

The Regin malware platform uses Extended Attributes to store encrypted executables.(Citation: Kaspersky Regin)
APT32

APT32 used NTFS alternate data streams to hide their payloads.(Citation: Cybereason Cobalt Kitty 2017)
Valak

Valak has the ability save and execute files as alternate data streams (ADS).(Citation: Cybereason Valak May 2020)(Citation: Unit 42 Valak July 2020)(Citation: SentinelOne Valak June 2020)
LoJax

LoJax has loaded an embedded NTFS DXE driver to be able to access and write to NTFS partitions.(Citation: ESET LoJax Sept 2018)
esentutl

esentutl can be used to read and write alternate data streams.(Citation: LOLBAS Esentutl)
Expand

Expand can be used to download or copy a file into an alternate data stream.(Citation: LOLBAS Expand)
PowerDuke

PowerDuke hides many of its backdoor payloads in an alternate data stream (ADS).(Citation: Volexity PowerDuke November 2016)
POWERSOURCE

If the victim is using PowerShell 3.0 or later, POWERSOURCE writes its decoded payload to an alternate data stream (ADS) named kernel32.dll that is saved in %PROGRAMDATA%\Windows\.(Citation: Cisco DNSMessenger March 2017)
WastedLocker

WastedLocker has the ability to save and execute files as an alternate data stream (ADS).(Citation: Sentinel Labs WastedLocker July 2020)
BitPaymer

BitPaymer has copied itself to the :bin alternate data stream of a newly created file.(Citation: Crowdstrike Indrik November 2018)
Astaroth

Astaroth can abuse alternate data streams (ADS) to store content for malicious payloads.(Citation: Securelist Brazilian Banking Malware July 2020)
Gazer

Gazer stores configuration items in alternate data streams (ADSs) if the Registry is not accessible.(Citation: ESET Gazer Aug 2017)
Zeroaccess

Some variants of the Zeroaccess Trojan have been known to store data in Extended Attributes.(Citation: Ciubotariu 2014)
Anchor

Anchor has used NTFS to hide files.(Citation: Cyberreason Anchor December 2019)

Контрмеры
Контрмера Описание
Restrict File and Directory Permissions

Restrict access by setting directory and file permissions that are not specific to users or privileged accounts.

Обнаружение

Forensic techniques exist to identify information stored in NTFS EA. (Citation: Journey into IR ZeroAccess NTFS EA) Monitor calls to the ZwSetEaFile and ZwQueryEaFile Windows API functions as well as binaries used to interact with EA, (Citation: Oddvar Moe ADS1 Jan 2018) (Citation: Oddvar Moe ADS2 Apr 2018) and consider regularly scanning for the presence of modified information. (Citation: SpectorOps Host-Based Jul 2017) There are many ways to create and interact with ADSs using Windows utilities. Monitor for operations (execution, copies, etc.) with file names that contain colons. This syntax (ex: file.ext:ads[.ext]) is commonly associated with ADSs. (Citation: Microsoft ADS Mar 2014) (Citation: Oddvar Moe ADS1 Jan 2018) (Citation: Oddvar Moe ADS2 Apr 2018) For a more exhaustive list of utilities that can be used to execute and create ADSs, see https://gist.github.com/api0cradle/cdd2d0d0ec9abb686f0e89306e277b8f. The Streams tool of Sysinternals can be used to uncover files with ADSs. The dir /r command can also be used to display ADSs. (Citation: Symantec ADS May 2009) Many PowerShell commands (such as Get-Item, Set-Item, Remove-Item, and Get-ChildItem) can also accept a -stream parameter to interact with ADSs. (Citation: MalwareBytes ADS July 2015) (Citation: Microsoft ADS Mar 2014)

Ссылки

  1. Pravs. (2009, May 25). What you need to know about alternate data streams in windows? Is your Data secure? Can you restore that?. Retrieved March 21, 2018.
  2. Moe, O. (2018, April 11). Putting Data in Alternate Data Streams and How to Execute It - Part 2. Retrieved June 30, 2018.
  3. Moe, O. (2018, January 14). Putting Data in Alternate Data Streams and How to Execute It. Retrieved June 30, 2018.
  4. Harrell, C. (2012, December 11). Extracting ZeroAccess from NTFS Extended Attributes. Retrieved June 3, 2016.
  5. Marlin, J. (2013, March 24). Alternate Data Streams in NTFS. Retrieved March 21, 2018.
  6. Arntz, P. (2015, July 22). Introduction to Alternate Data Streams. Retrieved March 21, 2018.
  7. Microsoft. (n.d.). File Streams. Retrieved December 2, 2014.
  8. Hughes, J. (2010, August 25). NTFS File Attributes. Retrieved March 21, 2018.
  9. Atkinson, J. (2017, July 18). Host-based Threat Modeling & Indicator Design. Retrieved March 21, 2018.
  10. Frankoff, S., Hartley, B. (2018, November 14). Big Game Hunting: The Evolution of INDRIK SPIDER From Dridex Wire Fraud to BitPaymer Targeted Ransomware. Retrieved January 6, 2021.
  11. Ciubotariu, M. (2014, January 23). Trojan.Zeroaccess.C Hidden in NTFS EA. Retrieved December 2, 2014.
  12. ESET. (2018, September). LOJAX First UEFI rootkit found in the wild, courtesy of the Sednit group. Retrieved July 2, 2019.
  13. Adair, S.. (2016, November 9). PowerDuke: Widespread Post-Election Spear Phishing Campaigns Targeting Think Tanks and NGOs. Retrieved January 11, 2017.
  14. Dahan, A. et al. (2019, December 11). DROPPING ANCHOR: FROM A TRICKBOT INFECTION TO THE DISCOVERY OF THE ANCHOR MALWARE. Retrieved September 10, 2020.
  15. Brumaghin, E. and Grady, C.. (2017, March 2). Covert Channels and Poor Decisions: The Tale of DNSMessenger. Retrieved March 8, 2017.
  16. Reaves, J. and Platt, J. (2020, June). Valak Malware and the Connection to Gozi Loader ConfCrew. Retrieved August 31, 2020.
  17. Duncan, B. (2020, July 24). Evolution of Valak, from Its Beginnings to Mass Distribution. Retrieved August 31, 2020.
  18. Salem, E. et al. (2020, May 28). VALAK: MORE THAN MEETS THE EYE . Retrieved June 19, 2020.
  19. Walter, J.. (2020, July 23). WastedLocker Ransomware: Abusing ADS and NTFS File Attributes. Retrieved September 14, 2021.
  20. ESET. (2017, August). Gazing at Gazer: Turla’s new second stage backdoor. Retrieved September 14, 2017.
  21. LOLBAS. (n.d.). Esentutl.exe. Retrieved September 3, 2019.
  22. GReAT. (2020, July 14). The Tetrade: Brazilian banking malware goes global. Retrieved November 9, 2020.
  23. Kaspersky Lab's Global Research and Analysis Team. (2014, November 24). THE REGIN PLATFORM NATION-STATE OWNAGE OF GSM NETWORKS. Retrieved December 1, 2014.
  24. Dahan, A. (2017). Operation Cobalt Kitty. Retrieved December 27, 2018.
  25. Sander, J. (2017, October 12). Attack Step 3: Persistence with NTFS Extended Attributes – File System Attacks. Retrieved March 21, 2018.
  26. LOLBAS. (n.d.). Expand.exe. Retrieved February 19, 2019.
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