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MITRE ATT&CK - Техника Секреты LSA
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OS Credential Dumping:  Секреты LSA

ID Название
.001 Память процесса LSASS
.002 Диспетчер учетных записей безопасности
.003 Файл ntds.dit
.004 Секреты LSA
.005 Кэшированные доменные учетные данные
.006 DCSync
.007 Файловая система proc
.008 Содержимое файлов /etc/passwd и /etc/shadow

Adversaries with SYSTEM access to a host may attempt to access Local Security Authority (LSA) secrets, which can contain a variety of different credential materials, such as credentials for service accounts.(Citation: Passcape LSA Secrets)(Citation: Microsoft AD Admin Tier Model)(Citation: Tilbury Windows Credentials) LSA secrets are stored in the registry at HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SECURITY\Policy\Secrets. LSA secrets can also be dumped from memory.(Citation: ired Dumping LSA Secrets) Reg can be used to extract from the Registry. Mimikatz can be used to extract secrets from memory.(Citation: ired Dumping LSA Secrets)

ID: T1003.004
Относится к технике:  T1003
Тактика(-и): Credential Access
Платформы: Windows
Требуемые разрешения: SYSTEM
Источники данных: Command: Command Execution, Windows Registry: Windows Registry Key Access
Версия: 1.0
Дата создания: 21 Feb 2020
Последнее изменение: 21 Apr 2021

Примеры процедур
Название Описание
MuddyWater

MuddyWater has performed credential dumping with LaZagne.(Citation: Unit 42 MuddyWater Nov 2017)(Citation: Symantec MuddyWater Dec 2018)
IceApple

IceApple's Credential Dumper module can dump LSA secrets from registry keys, including: `HKLM\SECURITY\Policy\PolEKList\default`, `HKLM\SECURITY\Policy\Secrets\*\CurrVal`, and `HKLM\SECURITY\Policy\Secrets\*\OldVal`.(Citation: CrowdStrike IceApple May 2022)
CosmicDuke

CosmicDuke collects LSA secrets.(Citation: F-Secure The Dukes)
gsecdump

gsecdump can dump LSA secrets.(Citation: TrueSec Gsecdump)
LaZagne

LaZagne can perform credential dumping from LSA secrets to obtain account and password information.(Citation: GitHub LaZagne Dec 2018)
Threat Group-3390

Threat Group-3390 actors have used gsecdump to dump credentials. They have also dumped credentials from domain controllers.(Citation: Dell TG-3390)(Citation: SecureWorks BRONZE UNION June 2017)
OilRig

OilRig has used credential dumping tools such as LaZagne to steal credentials to accounts logged into the compromised system and to Outlook Web Access.(Citation: Unit 42 Playbook Dec 2017)(Citation: FireEye APT34 Webinar Dec 2017)(Citation: FireEye APT35 2018)(Citation: FireEye APT34 July 2019)
CrackMapExec

CrackMapExec can dump hashed passwords from LSA secrets for the targeted system.(Citation: CME Github September 2018)
Leafminer

Leafminer used several tools for retrieving login and password information, including LaZagne.(Citation: Symantec Leafminer July 2018)
APT33

APT33 has used a variety of publicly available tools like LaZagne to gather credentials.(Citation: Symantec Elfin Mar 2019)(Citation: FireEye APT33 Guardrail)
menuPass

menuPass has used a modified version of pentesting tools wmiexec.vbs and secretsdump.py to dump credentials.(Citation: PWC Cloud Hopper Technical Annex April 2017)(Citation: Github AD-Pentest-Script)
Dragonfly

Dragonfly has dropped and executed SecretsDump to dump password hashes.(Citation: US-CERT TA18-074A)(Citation: Core Security Impacket)
AADInternals

AADInternals can dump secrets from the Local Security Authority.(Citation: AADInternals Documentation)
Impacket

SecretsDump and Mimikatz modules within Impacket can perform credential dumping to obtain account and password information.(Citation: Impacket Tools)
Pupy

Pupy can use Lazagne for harvesting credentials.(Citation: GitHub Pupy)
Dragonfly 2.0

Dragonfly 2.0 dropped and executed SecretsDump to dump password hashes.(Citation: US-CERT TA18-074A)(Citation: US-CERT APT Energy Oct 2017)(Citation: Core Security Impacket)
Ke3chang

Ke3chang has dumped credentials, including by using gsecdump.(Citation: Mandiant Operation Ke3chang November 2014)(Citation: NCC Group APT15 Alive and Strong)
Mimikatz

Mimikatz performs credential dumping to obtain account and password information useful in gaining access to additional systems and enterprise network resources. It contains functionality to acquire information about credentials in many ways, including from the LSA.(Citation: Deply Mimikatz)(Citation: GitHub Mimikatz lsadump Module)(Citation: Directory Services Internals DPAPI Backup Keys Oct 2015)(Citation: NCSC Joint Report Public Tools)

Контрмеры
Контрмера Описание
Password Policies

Set and enforce secure password policies for accounts.
Privileged Account Management

Manage the creation, modification, use, and permissions associated to privileged accounts, including SYSTEM and root.
User Training

Train users to be aware of access or manipulation attempts by an adversary to reduce the risk of successful spearphishing, social engineering, and other techniques that involve user interaction.

Обнаружение

Monitor processes and command-line arguments for program execution that may be indicative of credential dumping. Remote access tools may contain built-in features or incorporate existing tools like Mimikatz. PowerShell scripts also exist that contain credential dumping functionality, such as PowerSploit's Invoke-Mimikatz module,(Citation: Powersploit) which may require additional logging features to be configured in the operating system to collect necessary information for analysis.

Ссылки

  1. Core Security. (n.d.). Impacket. Retrieved November 2, 2017.
  2. US-CERT. (2017, October 20). Alert (TA17-293A): Advanced Persistent Threat Activity Targeting Energy and Other Critical Infrastructure Sectors. Retrieved November 2, 2017.
  3. US-CERT. (2018, March 16). Alert (TA18-074A): Russian Government Cyber Activity Targeting Energy and Other Critical Infrastructure Sectors. Retrieved June 6, 2018.
  4. PowerSploit. (n.d.). Retrieved December 4, 2014.
  5. Mantvydas Baranauskas. (2019, November 16). Dumping LSA Secrets. Retrieved February 21, 2020.
  6. Chad Tilbury. (2017, August 8). 1Windows Credentials: Attack, Mitigation, Defense. Retrieved February 21, 2020.
  7. Microsoft. (2019, February 14). Active Directory administrative tier model. Retrieved February 21, 2020.
  8. Passcape. (n.d.). Windows LSA secrets. Retrieved February 21, 2020.
  9. TrueSec. (n.d.). gsecdump v2.0b5. Retrieved September 29, 2015.
  10. Nicolas Verdier. (n.d.). Retrieved January 29, 2018.
  11. Symantec DeepSight Adversary Intelligence Team. (2018, December 10). Seedworm: Group Compromises Government Agencies, Oil & Gas, NGOs, Telecoms, and IT Firms. Retrieved December 14, 2018.
  12. Lancaster, T.. (2017, November 14). Muddying the Water: Targeted Attacks in the Middle East. Retrieved March 15, 2018.
  13. Bromiley, M., et al.. (2019, July 18). Hard Pass: Declining APT34’s Invite to Join Their Professional Network. Retrieved August 26, 2019.
  14. Mandiant. (2018). Mandiant M-Trends 2018. Retrieved July 9, 2018.
  15. Davis, S. and Caban, D. (2017, December 19). APT34 - New Targeted Attack in the Middle East. Retrieved December 20, 2017.
  16. Unit 42. (2017, December 15). Unit 42 Playbook Viewer. Retrieved December 20, 2017.
  17. Zanni, A. (n.d.). The LaZagne Project !!!. Retrieved December 14, 2018.
  18. byt3bl33d3r. (2018, September 8). SMB: Command Reference. Retrieved July 17, 2020.
  19. The Australian Cyber Security Centre (ACSC), the Canadian Centre for Cyber Security (CCCS), the New Zealand National Cyber Security Centre (NZ NCSC), CERT New Zealand, the UK National Cyber Security Centre (UK NCSC) and the US National Cybersecurity and Communications Integration Center (NCCIC). (2018, October 11). Joint report on publicly available hacking tools. Retrieved March 11, 2019.
  20. Grafnetter, M. (2015, October 26). Retrieving DPAPI Backup Keys from Active Directory. Retrieved December 19, 2017.
  21. Deply, B., Le Toux, V. (2016, June 5). module ~ lsadump. Retrieved August 7, 2017.
  22. Deply, B. (n.d.). Mimikatz. Retrieved September 29, 2015.
  23. CrowdStrike. (2022, May). ICEAPPLE: A NOVEL INTERNET INFORMATION SERVICES (IIS) POST-EXPLOITATION FRAMEWORK. Retrieved June 27, 2022.
  24. F-Secure Labs. (2015, September 17). The Dukes: 7 years of Russian cyberespionage. Retrieved December 10, 2015.
  25. Twi1ight. (2015, July 11). AD-Pentest-Script - wmiexec.vbs. Retrieved June 29, 2017.
  26. PwC and BAE Systems. (2017, April). Operation Cloud Hopper: Technical Annex. Retrieved April 13, 2017.
  27. Dr. Nestori Syynimaa. (2018, October 25). AADInternals. Retrieved February 18, 2022.
  28. Counter Threat Unit Research Team. (2017, June 27). BRONZE UNION Cyberespionage Persists Despite Disclosures. Retrieved July 13, 2017.
  29. Dell SecureWorks Counter Threat Unit Threat Intelligence. (2015, August 5). Threat Group-3390 Targets Organizations for Cyberespionage. Retrieved August 18, 2018.
  30. SecureAuth. (n.d.). Retrieved January 15, 2019.
  31. Smallridge, R. (2018, March 10). APT15 is alive and strong: An analysis of RoyalCli and RoyalDNS. Retrieved April 4, 2018.
  32. Villeneuve, N., Bennett, J. T., Moran, N., Haq, T., Scott, M., & Geers, K. (2014). OPERATION “KE3CHANG”: Targeted Attacks Against Ministries of Foreign Affairs. Retrieved November 12, 2014.
  33. Ackerman, G., et al. (2018, December 21). OVERRULED: Containing a Potentially Destructive Adversary. Retrieved January 17, 2019.
  34. Security Response attack Investigation Team. (2019, March 27). Elfin: Relentless Espionage Group Targets Multiple Organizations in Saudi Arabia and U.S.. Retrieved April 10, 2019.
  35. Symantec Security Response. (2018, July 25). Leafminer: New Espionage Campaigns Targeting Middle Eastern Regions. Retrieved August 28, 2018.
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