Email Collection: Сбор эл. почты (локально)
Other sub-techniques of Email Collection (3)
Adversaries may target user email on local systems to collect sensitive information. Files containing email data can be acquired from a user’s local system, such as Outlook storage or cache files.
Outlook stores data locally in offline data files with an extension of .ost. Outlook 2010 and later supports .ost file sizes up to 50GB, while earlier versions of Outlook support up to 20GB.(Citation: Outlook File Sizes) IMAP accounts in Outlook 2013 (and earlier) and POP accounts use Outlook Data Files (.pst) as opposed to .ost, whereas IMAP accounts in Outlook 2016 (and later) use .ost files. Both types of Outlook data files are typically stored in `C:\Users\
Примеры процедур |
|
| Название | Описание |
|---|---|
| LunarMail |
LunarMail can capture the recipients of sent email messages from compromised accounts.(Citation: ESET Turla Lunar toolset May 2024) |
| RedCurl |
RedCurl has collected emails to use in future phishing campaigns.(Citation: group-ib_redcurl1) |
| Smoke Loader |
Smoke Loader searches through Outlook files and directories (e.g., inbox, sent, templates, drafts, archives, etc.).(Citation: Talos Smoke Loader July 2018) |
| QakBot |
QakBot can target and steal locally stored emails to support thread hijacking phishing campaigns.(Citation: Kroll Qakbot June 2020)(Citation: Trend Micro Qakbot December 2020)(Citation: Kaspersky QakBot September 2021) |
| Pupy |
Pupy can interact with a victim’s Outlook session and look through folders and emails.(Citation: GitHub Pupy) |
| Carbanak |
Carbanak searches recursively for Outlook personal storage tables (PST) files within user directories and sends them back to the C2 server.(Citation: FireEye CARBANAK June 2017) |
| APT1 |
APT1 uses two utilities, GETMAIL and MAPIGET, to steal email. GETMAIL extracts emails from archived Outlook .pst files.(Citation: Mandiant APT1) |
| Crimson |
Crimson contains a command to collect and exfiltrate emails from Outlook.(Citation: Proofpoint Operation Transparent Tribe March 2016) |
|
During Night Dragon, threat actors used RAT malware to exfiltrate email archives.(Citation: McAfee Night Dragon) |
|
| Empire |
Empire has the ability to collect emails on a target system.(Citation: Github PowerShell Empire) |
| Chimera |
Chimera has harvested data from victim's e-mail including through execution of |
| KGH_SPY |
KGH_SPY can harvest data from mail clients.(Citation: Cybereason Kimsuky November 2020) |
| Magic Hound |
Magic Hound has collected .PST archives.(Citation: FireEye APT35 2018) |
| CosmicDuke |
CosmicDuke searches for Microsoft Outlook data files with extensions .pst and .ost for collection and exfiltration.(Citation: F-Secure Cosmicduke) |
| Out1 |
Out1 can parse e-mails on a target machine.(Citation: Trend Micro Muddy Water March 2021) |
| Winter Vivern |
Winter Vivern delivered malicious JavaScript payloads capable of exfiltrating email messages from exploited email servers.(Citation: ESET WinterVivern 2023) |
| Emotet |
Emotet has been observed leveraging a module that scrapes email data from Outlook.(Citation: CIS Emotet Dec 2018) |
Контрмеры |
|
| Контрмера | Описание |
|---|---|
| Out-of-Band Communications Channel |
Establish secure out-of-band communication channels to ensure the continuity of critical communications during security incidents, data integrity attacks, or in-network communication failures. Out-of-band communication refers to using an alternative, separate communication path that is not dependent on the potentially compromised primary network infrastructure. This method can include secure messaging apps, encrypted phone lines, satellite communications, or dedicated emergency communication systems. Leveraging these alternative channels reduces the risk of adversaries intercepting, disrupting, or tampering with sensitive communications and helps coordinate an effective incident response.(Citation: TrustedSec OOB Communications)(Citation: NIST Special Publication 800-53 Revision 5) |
| Encrypt Sensitive Information |
Protect sensitive information with strong encryption. |
Обнаружение
Monitor processes and command-line arguments for actions that could be taken to gather local email files. Monitor for unusual processes accessing local email files. Remote access tools with built-in features may interact directly with the Windows API to gather information. Information may also be acquired through Windows system management tools such as Windows Management Instrumentation and PowerShell.
Ссылки
- Microsoft. (n.d.). Introduction to Outlook Data Files (.pst and .ost). Retrieved February 19, 2020.
- N. O'Bryan. (2018, May 30). Managing Outlook Cached Mode and OST File Sizes. Retrieved February 19, 2020.
- Jurčacko, F. (2024, May 15). To the Moon and back(doors): Lunar landing in diplomatic missions. Retrieved June 26, 2024.
- Group-IB. (2020, August). RedCurl: The Pentest You Didn’t Know About. Retrieved August 9, 2024.
- Tyler Hudak. (2022, December 29). To OOB, or Not to OOB?: Why Out-of-Band Communications are Essential for Incident Response. Retrieved August 30, 2024.
- Baker, B., Unterbrink H. (2018, July 03). Smoking Guns - Smoke Loader learned new tricks. Retrieved July 5, 2018.
- Trend Micro. (2020, December 17). QAKBOT: A decade-old malware still with new tricks. Retrieved September 27, 2021.
- Sette, N. et al. (2020, June 4). Qakbot Malware Now Exfiltrating Emails for Sophisticated Thread Hijacking Attacks. Retrieved September 27, 2021.
- Kuzmenko, A. et al. (2021, September 2). QakBot technical analysis. Retrieved September 27, 2021.
- Nicolas Verdier. (n.d.). Retrieved January 29, 2018.
- Bennett, J., Vengerik, B. (2017, June 12). Behind the CARBANAK Backdoor. Retrieved June 11, 2018.
- Mandiant. (n.d.). APT1 Exposing One of China’s Cyber Espionage Units. Retrieved July 18, 2016.
- Huss, D. (2016, March 1). Operation Transparent Tribe. Retrieved June 8, 2016.
- McAfee® Foundstone® Professional Services and McAfee Labs™. (2011, February 10). Global Energy Cyberattacks: “Night Dragon”. Retrieved February 19, 2018.
- Schroeder, W., Warner, J., Nelson, M. (n.d.). Github PowerShellEmpire. Retrieved April 28, 2016.
- Jansen, W . (2021, January 12). Abusing cloud services to fly under the radar. Retrieved September 12, 2024.
- Dahan, A. et al. (2020, November 2). Back to the Future: Inside the Kimsuky KGH Spyware Suite. Retrieved November 6, 2020.
- Mandiant. (2018). Mandiant M-Trends 2018. Retrieved July 9, 2018.
- F-Secure Labs. (2014, July). COSMICDUKE Cosmu with a twist of MiniDuke. Retrieved July 3, 2014.
- Peretz, A. and Theck, E. (2021, March 5). Earth Vetala – MuddyWater Continues to Target Organizations in the Middle East. Retrieved March 18, 2021.
- Matthieu Faou. (2023, October 25). Winter Vivern exploits zero-day vulnerability in Roundcube Webmail servers. Retrieved July 29, 2024.
- CIS. (2018, December 12). MS-ISAC Security Primer- Emotet. Retrieved March 25, 2019.
Связанные риски
Каталоги
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