Cервис управления информационной безопасностью
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MITRE ATT&CK - Преступная группа Magic Hound
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Magic Hound

Magic Hound is an Iranian-sponsored threat group that conducts long term, resource-intensive cyber espionage operations, likely on behalf of the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps. They have targeted European, U.S., and Middle Eastern government and military personnel, academics, journalists, and organizations such as the World Health Organization (WHO), via complex social engineering campaigns since at least 2014.(Citation: FireEye APT35 2018)(Citation: ClearSky Kittens Back 3 August 2020)(Citation: Certfa Charming Kitten January 2021)(Citation: Secureworks COBALT ILLUSION Threat Profile)(Citation: Proofpoint TA453 July2021)
ID: G0059
Associated Groups: Charming Kitten, APT35, ITG18, Phosphorus, TA453, COBALT ILLUSION, Newscaster
Version: 5.0
Created: 16 Jan 2018
Last Modified: 03 Jun 2022

Associated Group Descriptions
Name Description
Charming Kitten (Citation: ClearSky Charming Kitten Dec 2017)(Citation: Eweek Newscaster and Charming Kitten May 2014)(Citation: ClearSky Kittens Back 2 Oct 2019)(Citation: ClearSky Kittens Back 3 August 2020)(Citation: Proofpoint TA453 March 2021)(Citation: Check Point APT35 CharmPower January 2022)
APT35 (Citation: FireEye APT35 2018)(Citation: Certfa Charming Kitten January 2021)(Citation: Check Point APT35 CharmPower January 2022)
ITG18 (Citation: IBM ITG18 2020)
Phosphorus (Citation: Microsoft Phosphorus Mar 2019)(Citation: Microsoft Phosphorus Oct 2020)(Citation: US District Court of DC Phosphorus Complaint 2019)(Citation: Certfa Charming Kitten January 2021)(Citation: Proofpoint TA453 March 2021)(Citation: Check Point APT35 CharmPower January 2022)
TA453 (Citation: Proofpoint TA453 March 2021)(Citation: Proofpoint TA453 July2021)(Citation: Check Point APT35 CharmPower January 2022)
COBALT ILLUSION (Citation: Secureworks COBALT ILLUSION Threat Profile)
Newscaster Link analysis of infrastructure and tools revealed a potential relationship between Magic Hound and the older attack campaign called Newscaster (aka Newscasters).(Citation: Unit 42 Magic Hound Feb 2017)(Citation: FireEye APT35 2018)

Techniques Used
Domain ID Name Use
Enterprise T1087 .003 Account Discovery: Email Account

Magic Hound has used Powershell to discover email accounts.(Citation: DFIR Report APT35 ProxyShell March 2022)
Enterprise T1098 .002 Account Manipulation: Additional Email Delegate Permissions

Magic Hound granted compromised email accounts read access to the email boxes of additional targeted accounts. The group then was able to authenticate to the intended victim's OWA (Outlook Web Access) portal and read hundreds of email communications for information on Middle East organizations.(Citation: FireEye APT35 2018)

Enterprise T1583 .001 Acquire Infrastructure: Domains

Magic Hound has registered fraudulent domains such as "mail-newyorker.com" and "news12.com.recover-session-service.site" to target specific victims with phishing attacks.(Citation: Certfa Charming Kitten January 2021)
.006 Acquire Infrastructure: Web Services

Magic Hound has acquired Amazon S3 buckets to use in C2.(Citation: Check Point APT35 CharmPower January 2022)

Enterprise T1595 .002 Active Scanning: Vulnerability Scanning

Magic Hound has conducted widespread scanning to identify public-facing systems vulnerable to Log4j (CVE-2021-44228).(Citation: Check Point APT35 CharmPower January 2022)
Enterprise T1071 .001 Application Layer Protocol: Web Protocols

Magic Hound malware has used HTTP for C2.(Citation: Unit 42 Magic Hound Feb 2017)(Citation: DFIR Report APT35 ProxyShell March 2022)
Enterprise T1560 .001 Archive Collected Data: Archive via Utility

Magic Hound has used gzip to archive dumped LSASS process memory and RAR to stage and compress local folders.(Citation: FireEye APT35 2018)(Citation: DFIR Report APT35 ProxyShell March 2022)
Enterprise T1547 .001 Boot or Logon Autostart Execution: Registry Run Keys / Startup Folder

Magic Hound malware has used Registry Run keys to establish persistence.(Citation: Unit 42 Magic Hound Feb 2017)
Enterprise T1059 .001 Command and Scripting Interpreter: PowerShell

Magic Hound has used PowerShell for execution and privilege escalation.(Citation: Unit 42 Magic Hound Feb 2017)(Citation: FireEye APT35 2018)(Citation: DFIR Report APT35 ProxyShell March 2022)
.003 Command and Scripting Interpreter: Windows Command Shell

Magic Hound has used the command-line interface.(Citation: Unit 42 Magic Hound Feb 2017)(Citation: DFIR Report APT35 ProxyShell March 2022)

.005 Command and Scripting Interpreter: Visual Basic

Magic Hound malware has used VBS scripts for execution.(Citation: Unit 42 Magic Hound Feb 2017)

Enterprise T1586 .002 Compromise Accounts: Email Accounts

Magic Hound has compromised personal email accounts through the use of legitimate credentials and gathered additional victim information.(Citation: IBM ITG18 2020)
Enterprise T1584 .001 Compromise Infrastructure: Domains

Magic Hound has used compromised domains to host links targeted to specific phishing victims.(Citation: ClearSky Kittens Back 3 August 2020)(Citation: Proofpoint TA453 July2021)(Citation: Certfa Charming Kitten January 2021)
Enterprise T1136 .001 Create Account: Local Account

Magic Hound has created a user named `DefaultAccount` on compromised machines and assigned it to the Administrators and Remote Desktop Users groups.(Citation: DFIR Report APT35 ProxyShell March 2022)
Enterprise T1555 .003 Credentials from Password Stores: Credentials from Web Browsers

Magic Hound used FireMalv, custom-developed malware, which collected passwords from the Firefox browser storage.(Citation: Check Point Rocket Kitten)
Enterprise T1114 .001 Email Collection: Local Email Collection

Magic Hound has collected .PST archives.(Citation: FireEye APT35 2018)
.002 Email Collection: Remote Email Collection

Magic Hound has exported emails from compromised Exchange servers.(Citation: DFIR Report APT35 ProxyShell March 2022)

Enterprise T1585 .001 Establish Accounts: Social Media Accounts

Magic Hound has created fake LinkedIn and other social media accounts to contact targets and convince them--through messages and voice communications--to open malicious links.(Citation: ClearSky Kittens Back 3 August 2020)
.002 Establish Accounts: Email Accounts

Magic Hound has established email accounts using fake personas for spearphishing operations.(Citation: IBM ITG18 2020)(Citation: Proofpoint TA453 March 2021)

Enterprise T1589 .001 Gather Victim Identity Information: Credentials

Magic Hound gathered credentials from two victims that they then attempted to validate across 75 different websites.(Citation: IBM ITG18 2020)
.002 Gather Victim Identity Information: Email Addresses

Magic Hound has acquired the personal email addresses of some individuals they intend to target.(Citation: Proofpoint TA453 July2021)

Enterprise T1564 .003 Hide Artifacts: Hidden Window

Magic Hound malware has a function to determine whether the C2 server wishes to execute the newly dropped file in a hidden window.(Citation: Unit 42 Magic Hound Feb 2017)
Enterprise T1562 .001 Impair Defenses: Disable or Modify Tools

Magic Hound has disabled antivirus services on targeted systems in order to upload malicious payloads.(Citation: DFIR Report APT35 ProxyShell March 2022)
.004 Impair Defenses: Disable or Modify System Firewall

Magic Hound has added the following rule to a victim's Windows firewall to allow RDP traffic - `"netsh" advfirewall firewall add rule name="Terminal Server" dir=in action=allow protocol=TCP localport=3389`.(Citation: DFIR Report APT35 ProxyShell March 2022)

Enterprise T1070 .003 Indicator Removal: Clear Command History

Magic Hound has removed mailbox export requests from compromised Exchange servers.(Citation: DFIR Report APT35 ProxyShell March 2022)
.004 Indicator Removal: File Deletion

Magic Hound has deleted and overwrote files to cover tracks.(Citation: Unit 42 Magic Hound Feb 2017)(Citation: FireEye APT35 2018)

Enterprise T1056 .001 Input Capture: Keylogging

Magic Hound malware is capable of keylogging.(Citation: Unit 42 Magic Hound Feb 2017)
Enterprise T1036 .005 Masquerading: Match Legitimate Name or Location

Magic Hound has used the name dllhost.exe to mask a malicious tool used in C2.(Citation: DFIR Report APT35 ProxyShell March 2022)
Enterprise T1003 .001 OS Credential Dumping: LSASS Memory

Magic Hound has stolen domain credentials by dumping LSASS process memory with comsvcs.dll and from a Microsoft Active Directory Domain Controller using Mimikatz.(Citation: FireEye APT35 2018)(Citation: DFIR Report APT35 ProxyShell March 2022)
Enterprise T1588 .002 Obtain Capabilities: Tool

Magic Hound has obtained and used open-source penetration testing tools like Havij, sqlmap, Metasploit, and Mimikatz.(Citation: Check Point Rocket Kitten)(Citation: FireEye APT35 2018)(Citation: Check Point APT35 CharmPower January 2022)
Enterprise T1566 .001 Phishing: Spearphishing Attachment

Magic Hound has used personalized spearphishing attachments.(Citation: Check Point Rocket Kitten)
.002 Phishing: Spearphishing Link

Magic Hound has sent malicious URL links through email to victims. In some cases the URLs were shortened or linked to Word documents with malicious macros that executed PowerShells scripts to download Pupy.(Citation: Secureworks Cobalt Gypsy Feb 2017)(Citation: ClearSky Kittens Back 3 August 2020)(Citation: Certfa Charming Kitten January 2021)

.003 Phishing: Spearphishing via Service

Magic Hound used various social media channels (such as LinkedIn) as well as messaging services (such as WhatsApp) to spearphish victims.(Citation: SecureWorks Mia Ash July 2017)(Citation: Microsoft Phosphorus Mar 2019)(Citation: ClearSky Kittens Back 3 August 2020)

Enterprise T1598 .003 Phishing for Information: Spearphishing Link

Magic Hound has used SMS and email messages with links designed to steal credentials.(Citation: Certfa Charming Kitten January 2021)(Citation: ClearSky Kittens Back 3 August 2020)(Citation: Proofpoint TA453 March 2021)(Citation: Proofpoint TA453 July2021)
Enterprise T1021 .001 Remote Services: Remote Desktop Protocol

Magic Hound has used Remote Desktop Services on targeted systems.(Citation: DFIR Report APT35 ProxyShell March 2022)
Enterprise T1053 .005 Scheduled Task/Job: Scheduled Task

Magic Hound has used scheduled tasks to establish persistence.(Citation: DFIR Report APT35 ProxyShell March 2022)
Enterprise T1505 .003 Server Software Component: Web Shell

Magic Hound has used multiple web shells to gain execution.(Citation: DFIR Report APT35 ProxyShell March 2022)
Enterprise T1218 .011 System Binary Proxy Execution: Rundll32

Magic Hound has used rundll32.exe to execute MiniDump from comsvcs.dll when dumping LSASS memory.(Citation: DFIR Report APT35 ProxyShell March 2022)
Enterprise T1204 .001 User Execution: Malicious Link

Magic Hound has attempted to lure victims into opening malicious links embedded in emails.(Citation: ClearSky Kittens Back 3 August 2020)(Citation: Certfa Charming Kitten January 2021)
.002 User Execution: Malicious File

Magic Hound has lured victims into executing malicious files.(Citation: FireEye Operation Saffron Rose 2013)

.002 User Execution: Malicious File

Magic Hound has attempted to lure victims into opening malicious email attachments.(Citation: ClearSky Kittens Back 3 August 2020)

Enterprise T1102 .002 Web Service: Bidirectional Communication

Magic Hound malware can use a SOAP Web service to communicate with its C2 server.(Citation: Unit 42 Magic Hound Feb 2017)

Software
ID Name References Techniques
S0039 Net (Citation: DFIR Report APT35 ProxyShell March 2022) (Citation: Microsoft Net Utility) (Citation: Savill 1999) Password Policy Discovery, Domain Groups, System Time Discovery, Domain Account, Local Account, System Service Discovery, Remote System Discovery, Network Share Discovery, System Network Connections Discovery, Network Share Connection Removal, Service Execution, Local Account, Local Groups, SMB/Windows Admin Shares, Domain Account
S0100 ipconfig (Citation: DFIR Report APT35 ProxyShell March 2022) (Citation: TechNet Ipconfig) System Network Configuration Discovery
S1012 PowerLess (Citation: Cybereason PowerLess February 2022) Keylogging, Browser Bookmark Discovery, Ingress Tool Transfer, Data from Local System, Encrypted Channel, Local Data Staging, Archive Collected Data, PowerShell, Deobfuscate/Decode Files or Information
S0108 netsh (Citation: DFIR Report APT35 ProxyShell March 2022) (Citation: TechNet Netsh) Disable or Modify System Firewall, Netsh Helper DLL, Proxy, Security Software Discovery
S0674 CharmPower (Citation: Check Point APT35 CharmPower January 2022) Modify Registry, System Information Discovery, Software Discovery, Exfiltration Over Unencrypted Non-C2 Protocol, Symmetric Cryptography, Deobfuscate/Decode Files or Information, Exfiltration Over C2 Channel, Dead Drop Resolver, File and Directory Discovery, PowerShell, File Deletion, Web Protocols, Fallback Channels, System Network Connections Discovery, Process Discovery, Web Service, Data from Local System, Windows Command Shell, System Network Configuration Discovery, Screen Capture, Ingress Tool Transfer, Standard Encoding, Windows Management Instrumentation, Query Registry
S0225 sqlmap (Citation: Check Point Rocket Kitten) (Citation: sqlmap Introduction) Exploit Public-Facing Application
S0002 Mimikatz (Citation: Adsecurity Mimikatz Guide) (Citation: Deply Mimikatz) (Citation: FireEye APT35 2018) DCSync, Credentials from Password Stores, Rogue Domain Controller, Private Keys, SID-History Injection, Security Support Provider, Pass the Hash, Account Manipulation, Pass the Ticket, Credentials from Web Browsers, Golden Ticket, Security Account Manager, LSASS Memory, Silver Ticket, Windows Credential Manager, Steal or Forge Authentication Certificates, LSA Secrets
S0192 Pupy (Citation: FireEye APT35 2018) (Citation: GitHub Pupy) (Citation: Secureworks Cobalt Gypsy Feb 2017) (Citation: Unit 42 Magic Hound Feb 2017) Service Execution, Network Service Discovery, Screen Capture, Credentials In Files, Ingress Tool Transfer, Network Share Discovery, Asymmetric Cryptography, Bypass User Account Control, PowerShell, System Owner/User Discovery, Domain Account, Exfiltration Over C2 Channel, Credentials from Web Browsers, Audio Capture, Dynamic-link Library Injection, System Network Configuration Discovery, Local Email Collection, Systemd Service, Local Account, File and Directory Discovery, System Information Discovery, LSASS Memory, Keylogging, Web Protocols, System Checks, Remote Desktop Protocol, Pass the Ticket, LLMNR/NBT-NS Poisoning and SMB Relay, Local Account, Python, Video Capture, Clear Windows Event Logs, Token Impersonation/Theft, Archive via Utility, Registry Run Keys / Startup Folder, Cached Domain Credentials, LSA Secrets, System Network Connections Discovery, Credentials from Password Stores, Process Discovery
S0186 DownPaper (Citation: ClearSky Charming Kitten Dec 2017) System Information Discovery, Query Registry, System Owner/User Discovery, Registry Run Keys / Startup Folder, Web Protocols, PowerShell, Windows Command Shell
S0224 Havij (Citation: Check Point Havij Analysis) (Citation: Check Point Rocket Kitten) Exploit Public-Facing Application
S0029 PsExec (Citation: FireEye APT35 2018) (Citation: Russinovich Sysinternals) (Citation: SANS PsExec) SMB/Windows Admin Shares, Windows Service, Lateral Tool Transfer, Service Execution, Domain Account

References

  1. Check Point Software Technologies. (2015). ROCKET KITTEN: A CAMPAIGN WITH 9 LIVES. Retrieved March 16, 2018.
  2. DFIR Report. (2022, March 21). APT35 Automates Initial Access Using ProxyShell. Retrieved May 25, 2022.
  3. Lee, B. and Falcone, R. (2017, February 15). Magic Hound Campaign Attacks Saudi Targets. Retrieved December 27, 2017.
  4. ClearSky Cyber Security. (2017, December). Charming Kitten. Retrieved December 27, 2017.
  5. Mandiant. (2018). Mandiant M-Trends 2018. Retrieved July 9, 2018.
  6. Wikoff, A. Emerson, R. (2020, July 16). New Research Exposes Iranian Threat Group Operations. Retrieved March 8, 2021.
  7. Check Point. (2022, January 11). APT35 exploits Log4j vulnerability to distribute new modular PowerShell toolkit. Retrieved January 24, 2022.
  8. Miller, J. et al. (2021, March 30). BadBlood: TA453 Targets US and Israeli Medical Research Personnel in Credential Phishing Campaigns. Retrieved May 4, 2021.
  9. Counter Threat Unit Research Team. (2017, February 15). Iranian PupyRAT Bites Middle Eastern Organizations. Retrieved December 27, 2017.
  10. Certfa Labs. (2021, January 8). Charming Kitten’s Christmas Gift. Retrieved May 3, 2021.
  11. ClearSky Research Team. (2020, August 1). The Kittens Are Back in Town 3 - Charming Kitten Campaign Evolved and Deploying Spear-Phishing link by WhatsApp. Retrieved April 21, 2021.
  12. Miller, J. et al. (2021, July 13). Operation SpoofedScholars: A Conversation with TA453. Retrieved August 18, 2021.
  13. Cybereason Nocturnus. (2022, February 1). PowerLess Trojan: Iranian APT Phosphorus Adds New PowerShell Backdoor for Espionage. Retrieved June 1, 2022.
  14. Burt, T. (2019, March 27). New steps to protect customers from hacking. Retrieved May 27, 2020.
  15. Burt, T. (2020, October 28). Cyberattacks target international conference attendees. Retrieved March 8, 2021.
  16. ClearSky Research Team. (2019, October 1). The Kittens Are Back in Town2 - Charming Kitten Campaign KeepsGoing on, Using New Impersonation Methods. Retrieved April 21, 2021.
  17. Kerner, S. (2014, May 29). Newscaster Threat Uses Social Media for Intelligence Gathering. Retrieved April 14, 2021.
  18. Secureworks. (n.d.). COBALT ILLUSION Threat Profile. Retrieved April 14, 2021.
  19. US District Court of DC. (2019, March 14). MICROSOFT CORPORATION v. JOHN DOES 1-2, CONTROLLING A COMPUTER NETWORK AND THEREBY INJURING PLAINTIFF AND ITS CUSTOMERS. Retrieved March 8, 2021.
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