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MITRE ATT&CK - Техника Украденный билет Kerberos
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MITRE ATT&CK
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Украденный билет Kerberos
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Use Alternate Authentication Material:  Украденный билет Kerberos

ID Название
.001 Токен доступа к приложению
.002 Украденные хеш-значения учетных данных
.003 Украденный билет Kerberos
.004 Сессионные куки

Adversaries may “pass the ticket” using stolen Kerberos tickets to move laterally within an environment, bypassing normal system access controls. Pass the ticket (PtT) is a method of authenticating to a system using Kerberos tickets without having access to an account's password. Kerberos authentication can be used as the first step to lateral movement to a remote system. When preforming PtT, valid Kerberos tickets for Valid Accounts are captured by OS Credential Dumping. A user's service tickets or ticket granting ticket (TGT) may be obtained, depending on the level of access. A service ticket allows for access to a particular resource, whereas a TGT can be used to request service tickets from the Ticket Granting Service (TGS) to access any resource the user has privileges to access.(Citation: ADSecurity AD Kerberos Attacks)(Citation: GentilKiwi Pass the Ticket) A Silver Ticket can be obtained for services that use Kerberos as an authentication mechanism and are used to generate tickets to access that particular resource and the system that hosts the resource (e.g., SharePoint).(Citation: ADSecurity AD Kerberos Attacks) A Golden Ticket can be obtained for the domain using the Key Distribution Service account KRBTGT account NTLM hash, which enables generation of TGTs for any account in Active Directory.(Citation: Campbell 2014) Adversaries may also create a valid Kerberos ticket using other user information, such as stolen password hashes or AES keys. For example, "overpassing the hash" involves using a NTLM password hash to authenticate as a user (i.e. Pass the Hash) while also using the password hash to create a valid Kerberos ticket.(Citation: Stealthbits Overpass-the-Hash)

ID: T1550.003
Относится к технике:  T1550
Тактика(-и): Defense Evasion, Lateral Movement
Платформы: Windows
Источники данных: Active Directory: Active Directory Credential Request, Logon Session: Logon Session Creation, User Account: User Account Authentication
Версия: 1.1
Дата создания: 30 Jan 2020
Последнее изменение: 12 Sep 2024

Примеры процедур
Название Описание
SeaDuke

Some SeaDuke samples have a module to use pass the ticket with Kerberos for authentication.(Citation: Symantec Seaduke 2015)
APT29

APT29 used Kerberos ticket attacks for lateral movement.(Citation: Mandiant No Easy Breach)
Mimikatz

Mimikatz’s LSADUMP::DCSync and KERBEROS::PTT modules implement the three steps required to extract the krbtgt account hash and create/use Kerberos tickets.(Citation: Adsecurity Mimikatz Guide)(Citation: AdSecurity Kerberos GT Aug 2015)(Citation: Harmj0y DCSync Sept 2015)(Citation: NCSC Joint Report Public Tools)
Pupy

Pupy can also perform pass-the-ticket.(Citation: GitHub Pupy)
APT32

APT32 successfully gained remote access by using pass the ticket.(Citation: Cybereason Cobalt Kitty 2017)
BRONZE BUTLER

BRONZE BUTLER has created forged Kerberos Ticket Granting Ticket (TGT) and Ticket Granting Service (TGS) tickets to maintain administrative access.(Citation: Secureworks BRONZE BUTLER Oct 2017)

Контрмеры
Контрмера Описание
Privileged Account Management

Manage the creation, modification, use, and permissions associated to privileged accounts, including SYSTEM and root.
Password Policies

Set and enforce secure password policies for accounts.
User Account Management

Manage the creation, modification, use, and permissions associated to user accounts.
Active Directory Configuration

Implement robust Active Directory configurations using group policies to control access and reduce the attack surface. Specific examples include: * Account Configuration: Use provisioned domain accounts rather than local accounts to leverage centralized control and auditing capabilities. * Interactive Logon Restrictions: Enforce group policies that prohibit interactive logons for accounts that should not directly access systems. * Remote Desktop Settings: Limit Remote Desktop logons to authorized accounts to prevent misuse by adversaries. * Dedicated Administrative Accounts: Create specialized domain-wide accounts that are restricted from interactive logons but can perform specific tasks like installations or repository access. * Authentication Silos: Configure Authentication Silos in Active Directory to create access zones with restrictions based on membership in the Protected Users global security group. This setup enhances security by applying additional protections to high-risk accounts, limiting their exposure to potential attacks.

Обнаружение

Audit all Kerberos authentication and credential use events and review for discrepancies. Unusual remote authentication events that correlate with other suspicious activity (such as writing and executing binaries) may indicate malicious activity. Event ID 4769 is generated on the Domain Controller when using a golden ticket after the KRBTGT password has been reset twice, as mentioned in the mitigation section. The status code 0x1F indicates the action has failed due to "Integrity check on decrypted field failed" and indicates misuse by a previously invalidated golden ticket.(Citation: CERT-EU Golden Ticket Protection)

Ссылки

  1. Warren, J. (2019, February 26). How to Detect Overpass-the-Hash Attacks. Retrieved February 4, 2021.
  2. Metcalf, S. (2014, November 22). Mimikatz and Active Directory Kerberos Attacks. Retrieved June 2, 2016.
  3. Deply, B. (2014, January 13). Pass the ticket. Retrieved September 12, 2024.
  4. Campbell, C. (2014). The Secret Life of Krbtgt. Retrieved December 4, 2014.
  5. Abolins, D., Boldea, C., Socha, K., Soria-Machado, M. (2016, April 26). Kerberos Golden Ticket Protection. Retrieved July 13, 2017.
  6. Symantec Security Response. (2015, July 13). “Forkmeiamfamous”: Seaduke, latest weapon in the Duke armory. Retrieved July 22, 2015.
  7. Dunwoody, M. and Carr, N.. (2016, September 27). No Easy Breach DerbyCon 2016. Retrieved September 12, 2024.
  8. The Australian Cyber Security Centre (ACSC), the Canadian Centre for Cyber Security (CCCS), the New Zealand National Cyber Security Centre (NZ NCSC), CERT New Zealand, the UK National Cyber Security Centre (UK NCSC) and the US National Cybersecurity and Communications Integration Center (NCCIC). (2018, October 11). Joint report on publicly available hacking tools. Retrieved March 11, 2019.
  9. Schroeder, W. (2015, September 22). Mimikatz and DCSync and ExtraSids, Oh My. Retrieved December 4, 2017.
  10. Metcalf, S. (2015, August 7). Kerberos Golden Tickets are Now More Golden. Retrieved December 1, 2017.
  11. Metcalf, S. (2015, November 13). Unofficial Guide to Mimikatz & Command Reference. Retrieved December 23, 2015.
  12. UCF. (n.d.). The password for the krbtgt account on a domain must be reset at least every 180 days. Retrieved November 5, 2020.
  13. Sean Metcalf. (2014, November 10). Kerberos & KRBTGT: Active Directory’s Domain Kerberos Service Account. Retrieved January 30, 2020.
  14. Nicolas Verdier. (n.d.). Retrieved January 29, 2018.
  15. Dahan, A. (2017). Operation Cobalt Kitty. Retrieved December 27, 2018.
  16. Counter Threat Unit Research Team. (2017, October 12). BRONZE BUTLER Targets Japanese Enterprises. Retrieved January 4, 2018.
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