Cервис управления информационной безопасностью
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MITRE ATT&CK - Техника Учетные данные из браузеров
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Credentials from Password Stores:  Учетные данные из браузеров

ID Название
.001 Связка ключей
.002 Память securityd
.003 Учетные данные из браузеров
.004 Диспетчер учетных данных Windows
.005 Менеджеры паролей

Adversaries may acquire credentials from web browsers by reading files specific to the target browser.(Citation: Talos Olympic Destroyer 2018) Web browsers commonly save credentials such as website usernames and passwords so that they do not need to be entered manually in the future. Web browsers typically store the credentials in an encrypted format within a credential store; however, methods exist to extract plaintext credentials from web browsers. For example, on Windows systems, encrypted credentials may be obtained from Google Chrome by reading a database file, AppData\Local\Google\Chrome\User Data\Default\Login Data and executing a SQL query: SELECT action_url, username_value, password_value FROM logins;. The plaintext password can then be obtained by passing the encrypted credentials to the Windows API function CryptUnprotectData, which uses the victim’s cached logon credentials as the decryption key.(Citation: Microsoft CryptUnprotectData April 2018) Adversaries have executed similar procedures for common web browsers such as FireFox, Safari, Edge, etc.(Citation: Proofpoint Vega Credential Stealer May 2018)(Citation: FireEye HawkEye Malware July 2017) Windows stores Internet Explorer and Microsoft Edge credentials in Credential Lockers managed by the Windows Credential Manager. Adversaries may also acquire credentials by searching web browser process memory for patterns that commonly match credentials.(Citation: GitHub Mimikittenz July 2016) After acquiring credentials from web browsers, adversaries may attempt to recycle the credentials across different systems and/or accounts in order to expand access. This can result in significantly furthering an adversary's objective in cases where credentials gained from web browsers overlap with privileged accounts (e.g. domain administrator).

ID: T1555.003
Относится к технике:  T1555
Тактика(-и): Credential Access
Платформы: Linux, macOS, Windows
Требуемые разрешения: User
Источники данных: Command: Command Execution, File: File Access, Process: OS API Execution, Process: Process Access
Версия: 1.1
Дата создания: 12 Feb 2020
Последнее изменение: 15 Feb 2022

Примеры процедур
Название Описание
njRAT

njRAT has a module that steals passwords saved in victim web browsers.(Citation: Fidelis njRAT June 2013)(Citation: Trend Micro njRAT 2018)(Citation: Citizen Lab Group5)
BlackEnergy

BlackEnergy has used a plug-in to gather credentials from web browsers including FireFox, Google Chrome, and Internet Explorer.(Citation: F-Secure BlackEnergy 2014)(Citation: Securelist BlackEnergy Nov 2014)
H1N1

H1N1 dumps usernames and passwords from Firefox, Internet Explorer, and Outlook.(Citation: Cisco H1N1 Part 2)
Imminent Monitor

Imminent Monitor has a PasswordRecoveryPacket module for recovering browser passwords.(Citation: QiAnXin APT-C-36 Feb2019)
Olympic Destroyer

Olympic Destroyer contains a module that tries to obtain stored credentials from web browsers.(Citation: Talos Olympic Destroyer 2018)
Javali

Javali can capture login credentials from open browsers including Firefox, Chrome, Internet Explorer, and Edge.(Citation: Securelist Brazilian Banking Malware July 2020)
CookieMiner

CookieMiner can steal saved usernames and passwords in Chrome as well as credit card credentials.(Citation: Unit42 CookieMiner Jan 2019)
Patchwork

Patchwork dumped the login data database from \AppData\Local\Google\Chrome\User Data\Default\Login Data.(Citation: Cymmetria Patchwork)
SUGARDUMP

SUGARDUMP variants have harvested credentials from browsers such as Firefox, Chrome, Opera, and Edge.(Citation: Mandiant UNC3890 Aug 2022)
WarzoneRAT

WarzoneRAT has the capability to grab passwords from numerous web browsers as well as from Outlook and Thunderbird email clients.(Citation: Check Point Warzone Feb 2020)(Citation: Uptycs Warzone UAC Bypass November 2020)
ZIRCONIUM

ZIRCONIUM has used a tool to steal credentials from installed web browsers including Microsoft Internet Explorer and Google Chrome.(Citation: Zscaler APT31 Covid-19 October 2020)
KONNI

KONNI can steal profiles (containing credential information) from Firefox, Chrome, and Opera.(Citation: Talos Konni May 2017)
ROKRAT

ROKRAT can steal credentials stored in Web browsers by querying the sqlite database.(Citation: Talos Group123)
QuasarRAT

QuasarRAT can obtain passwords from common web browsers.(Citation: GitHub QuasarRAT)(Citation: Volexity Patchwork June 2018)
APT3

APT3 has used tools to dump passwords from browsers.(Citation: Symantec Buckeye)
LaZagne

LaZagne can obtain credentials from web browsers such as Google Chrome, Internet Explorer, and Firefox.(Citation: GitHub LaZagne Dec 2018)
APT33

APT33 has used a variety of publicly available tools like LaZagne to gather credentials.(Citation: Symantec Elfin Mar 2019)(Citation: FireEye APT33 Guardrail)
RedLeaves

RedLeaves can gather browser usernames and passwords.(Citation: Accenture Hogfish April 2018)
Stealth Falcon

Stealth Falcon malware gathers passwords from multiple sources, including Internet Explorer, Firefox, and Chrome.(Citation: Citizen Lab Stealth Falcon May 2016)
TSCookie

TSCookie has the ability to steal saved passwords from the Internet Explorer, Edge, Firefox, and Chrome browsers.(Citation: JPCert TSCookie March 2018)
Smoke Loader

Smoke Loader searches for credentials stored from web browsers.(Citation: Talos Smoke Loader July 2018)
Agent Tesla

Agent Tesla can gather credentials from a number of browsers.(Citation: Bitdefender Agent Tesla April 2020)

Pupy

Pupy can use Lazagne for harvesting credentials.(Citation: GitHub Pupy)
Machete

Machete collects stored credentials from several web browsers.(Citation: ESET Machete July 2019)

Azorult

Azorult can steal credentials from the victim's browser.(Citation: Unit42 Azorult Nov 2018)
Prikormka

A module in Prikormka gathers logins and passwords stored in applications on the victims, including Google Chrome, Mozilla Firefox, and several other browsers.(Citation: ESET Operation Groundbait)
Trojan.Karagany

Trojan.Karagany can steal data and credentials from browsers.(Citation: Secureworks Karagany July 2019)
KGH_SPY

KGH_SPY has the ability to steal data from the Chrome, Edge, Firefox, Thunderbird, and Opera browsers.(Citation: Cybereason Kimsuky November 2020)
Leafminer

Leafminer used several tools for retrieving login and password information, including LaZagne.(Citation: Symantec Leafminer July 2018)
APT37

APT37 has used a credential stealer known as ZUMKONG that can harvest usernames and passwords stored in browsers.(Citation: FireEye APT37 Feb 2018)
CosmicDuke

CosmicDuke collects user credentials, including passwords, for various programs including Web browsers.(Citation: F-Secure The Dukes)
Sandworm Team

Sandworm Team's CredRaptor tool can collect saved passwords from various internet browsers.(Citation: ESET Telebots Dec 2016)
OLDBAIT

OLDBAIT collects credentials from Internet Explorer, Mozilla Firefox, and Eudora.(Citation: FireEye APT28)
Stolen Pencil

Stolen Pencil has used tools that are capable of obtaining credentials from web browsers.(Citation: Netscout Stolen Pencil Dec 2018)
Magic Hound

Magic Hound used FireMalv, custom-developed malware, which collected passwords from the Firefox browser storage.(Citation: Check Point Rocket Kitten)
RainyDay

RainyDay can use tools to collect credentials from web browsers.(Citation: Bitdefender Naikon April 2021)
Mimikatz

Mimikatz performs credential dumping to obtain account and password information useful in gaining access to additional systems and enterprise network resources. It contains functionality to acquire information about credentials in many ways, including from DPAPI.(Citation: Deply Mimikatz)(Citation: GitHub Mimikatz lsadump Module)(Citation: Directory Services Internals DPAPI Backup Keys Oct 2015)(Citation: NCSC Joint Report Public Tools)

Emotet

Emotet has been observed dropping browser password grabber modules. (Citation: Trend Micro Emotet Jan 2019)(Citation: IBM IcedID November 2017)
MuddyWater

MuddyWater has run tools including Browser64 to steal passwords saved in victim web browsers.(Citation: Symantec MuddyWater Dec 2018)(Citation: Trend Micro Muddy Water March 2021)
jRAT

jRAT can capture passwords from common web browsers such as Internet Explorer, Google Chrome, and Firefox.(Citation: Kaspersky Adwind Feb 2016)
SILENTTRINITY

SILENTTRINITY can collect clear text web credentials for Internet Explorer/Edge.(Citation: GitHub SILENTTRINITY Modules July 2019)
NETWIRE

NETWIRE has the ability to steal credentials from web browsers including Internet Explorer, Opera, Yandex, and Chrome.(Citation: FireEye NETWIRE March 2019)(Citation: Red Canary NETWIRE January 2020)(Citation: Proofpoint NETWIRE December 2020)
Melcoz

Melcoz has the ability to steal credentials from web browsers.(Citation: Securelist Brazilian Banking Malware July 2020)
APT29

APT29 has stolen user's saved passwords from Chrome.(Citation: CrowdStrike StellarParticle January 2022)
LAPSUS$

LAPSUS$ has obtained passwords and session tokens with the use of the Redline password stealer.(Citation: MSTIC DEV-0537 Mar 2022)
BLUELIGHT

BLUELIGHT can collect passwords stored in web browers, including Internet Explorer, Edge, Chrome, and Naver Whale.(Citation: Volexity InkySquid BLUELIGHT August 2021)
ChChes

ChChes steals credentials stored inside Internet Explorer.(Citation: PWC Cloud Hopper Technical Annex April 2017)
Proton

Proton gathers credentials for Google Chrome.(Citation: objsee mac malware 2017)
HEXANE

HEXANE has used a Mimikatz-based tool and a PowerShell script to steal passwords from Google Chrome.(Citation: Kaspersky Lyceum October 2021)
TA505

TA505 has used malware to gather credentials from Internet Explorer.(Citation: Proofpoint TA505 Sep 2017)
Molerats

Molerats used the public tool BrowserPasswordDump10 to dump passwords saved in browsers on victims.(Citation: DustySky)
Unknown Logger

Unknown Logger is capable of stealing usernames and passwords from browsers on the victim machine.(Citation: Forcepoint Monsoon)
Ajax Security Team

Ajax Security Team has used FireMalv custom-developed malware, which collected passwords from the Firefox browser storage.(Citation: Check Point Rocket Kitten)
Inception

Inception used a browser plugin to steal passwords and sessions from Internet Explorer, Chrome, Opera, Firefox, Torch, and Yandex.(Citation: Symantec Inception Framework March 2018)
Backdoor.Oldrea

Some Backdoor.Oldrea samples contain a publicly available Web browser password recovery tool.(Citation: Symantec Dragonfly)
Kimsuky

Kimsuky has used browser extensions including Google Chrome to steal passwords and cookies from browsers. Kimsuky has also used Nirsoft's WebBrowserPassView tool to dump the passwords obtained from victims.(Citation: Zdnet Kimsuky Dec 2018)(Citation: CISA AA20-301A Kimsuky)(Citation: Netscout Stolen Pencil Dec 2018)(Citation: Talos Kimsuky Nov 2021)
Empire

Empire can use modules that extract passwords from common web browsers such as Firefox and Chrome.(Citation: Github PowerShell Empire)
XAgentOSX

XAgentOSX contains the getFirefoxPassword function to attempt to locate Firefox passwords.(Citation: XAgentOSX 2017)
Lizar

Lizar has a module to collect usernames and passwords stored in browsers.(Citation: BiZone Lizar May 2021)
PinchDuke

PinchDuke steals credentials from compromised hosts. PinchDuke's credential stealing functionality is believed to be based on the source code of the Pinch credential stealing malware (also known as LdPinch). Credentials targeted by PinchDuke include ones associated with many sources such as Netscape Navigator, Mozilla Firefox, Mozilla Thunderbird, and Internet Explorer. (Citation: F-Secure The Dukes)
OilRig

OilRig has used credential dumping tools such as LaZagne to steal credentials to accounts logged into the compromised system and to Outlook Web Access.(Citation: Unit 42 Playbook Dec 2017)(Citation: FireEye APT34 Webinar Dec 2017)(Citation: FireEye APT35 2018)(Citation: FireEye APT34 July 2019) OilRig has also used tool named PICKPOCKET to dump passwords from web browsers.(Citation: FireEye APT34 July 2019)
KeyBoy

KeyBoy attempts to collect passwords from browsers.(Citation: Rapid7 KeyBoy Jun 2013)
Grandoreiro

Grandoreiro can steal cookie data and credentials from Google Chrome.(Citation: IBM Grandoreiro April 2020)(Citation: ESET Grandoreiro April 2020)
QakBot

QakBot has collected usernames and passwords from Firefox and Chrome.(Citation: Kaspersky QakBot September 2021)
Crimson

Crimson contains a module to steal credentials from Web browsers on the victim machine.(Citation: Proofpoint Operation Transparent Tribe March 2016)(Citation: Kaspersky Transparent Tribe August 2020)
FIN6

FIN6 has used the Stealer One credential stealer to target web browsers.(Citation: Visa FIN6 Feb 2019)
TrickBot

TrickBot can obtain passwords stored in files from web browsers such as Chrome, Firefox, Internet Explorer, and Microsoft Edge, sometimes using esentutl.(Citation: Trend Micro Trickbot Nov 2018)(Citation: Cyberreason Anchor December 2019)(Citation: Bitdefender Trickbot VNC module Whitepaper 2021)
PLEAD

PLEAD can harvest saved credentials from browsers such as Google Chrome, Microsoft Internet Explorer, and Mozilla Firefox.(Citation: TrendMicro BlackTech June 2017)(Citation: ESET PLEAD Malware July 2018)
PoetRAT

PoetRAT has used a Python tool named Browdec.exe to steal browser credentials.(Citation: Talos PoetRAT April 2020)
Chaes

Chaes can steal login credentials and stored financial information from the browser.(Citation: Cybereason Chaes Nov 2020)
Carberp

Carberp's passw.plug plugin can gather passwords saved in Opera, Internet Explorer, Safari, Firefox, and Chrome.(Citation: Prevx Carberp March 2011)
Zebrocy

Zebrocy has the capability to upload dumper tools that extract credentials from web browsers and store them in database files.(Citation: ESET Zebrocy May 2019)
Lokibot

Lokibot has demonstrated the ability to steal credentials from multiple applications and data sources including Safari and the Chromium and Mozilla Firefox-based web browsers.(Citation: Infoblox Lokibot January 2019)

Контрмеры
Контрмера Описание
Password Policies

Set and enforce secure password policies for accounts.

Обнаружение

Identify web browser files that contain credentials such as Google Chrome’s Login Data database file: AppData\Local\Google\Chrome\User Data\Default\Login Data. Monitor file read events of web browser files that contain credentials, especially when the reading process is unrelated to the subject web browser. Monitor process execution logs to include PowerShell Transcription focusing on those that perform a combination of behaviors including reading web browser process memory, utilizing regular expressions, and those that contain numerous keywords for common web applications (Gmail, Twitter, Office365, etc.).

Ссылки

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Навигация

Связанные риски

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