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MITRE ATT&CK - Техника Учетные данные в файлах
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Учетные данные в файлах
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Unsecured Credentials:  Учетные данные в файлах

ID Название
.001 Учетные данные в файлах
.002 Учетные данные в реестре
.003 История команд bash
.004 Закрытые ключи
.005 API метаданных облачных экземпляров
.006 Параметры групповой политики
.007 API Контейнер

Adversaries may search local file systems and remote file shares for files containing insecurely stored credentials. These can be files created by users to store their own credentials, shared credential stores for a group of individuals, configuration files containing passwords for a system or service, or source code/binary files containing embedded passwords. It is possible to extract passwords from backups or saved virtual machines through OS Credential Dumping. (Citation: CG 2014) Passwords may also be obtained from Group Policy Preferences stored on the Windows Domain Controller. (Citation: SRD GPP) In cloud and/or containerized environments, authenticated user and service account credentials are often stored in local configuration and credential files.(Citation: Unit 42 Hildegard Malware) They may also be found as parameters to deployment commands in container logs.(Citation: Unit 42 Unsecured Docker Daemons) In some cases, these files can be copied and reused on another machine or the contents can be read and then used to authenticate without needing to copy any files.(Citation: Specter Ops - Cloud Credential Storage)

ID: T1552.001
Относится к технике:  T1552
Тактика(-и): Credential Access
Платформы: Containers, IaaS, Linux, macOS, Windows
Требуемые разрешения: Administrator, SYSTEM, User
Источники данных: Command: Command Execution, File: File Access
Версия: 1.1
Дата создания: 04 Feb 2020
Последнее изменение: 12 Apr 2021

Примеры процедур
Название Описание
XTunnel

XTunnel is capable of accessing locally stored passwords on victims.(Citation: Invincea XTunnel)
Pupy

Pupy can use Lazagne for harvesting credentials.(Citation: GitHub Pupy)
Emotet

Emotet has been observed leveraging a module that retrieves passwords stored on a system for the current logged-on user. (Citation: US-CERT Emotet Jul 2018)(Citation: CIS Emotet Dec 2018)
PoshC2

PoshC2 contains modules for searching for passwords in local and remote files.(Citation: GitHub PoshC2)
Smoke Loader

Smoke Loader searches for files named logins.json to parse for credentials.(Citation: Talos Smoke Loader July 2018)
APT33

APT33 has used a variety of publicly available tools like LaZagne to gather credentials.(Citation: Symantec Elfin Mar 2019)(Citation: FireEye APT33 Guardrail)
Agent Tesla

Agent Tesla has the ability to extract credentials from configuration or support files.(Citation: SentinelLabs Agent Tesla Aug 2020)

LaZagne

LaZagne can obtain credentials from chats, databases, mail, and WiFi.(Citation: GitHub LaZagne Dec 2018)
Empire

Empire can use various modules to search for files containing passwords.(Citation: Github PowerShell Empire)
Azorult

Azorult can steal credentials in files belonging to common software such as Skype, Telegram, and Steam.(Citation: Unit42 Azorult Nov 2018)
Pysa

Pysa has extracted credentials from the password database before encrypting the files.(Citation: CERT-FR PYSA April 2020)

Fox Kitten

Fox Kitten has accessed files to gain valid credentials.(Citation: CISA AA20-259A Iran-Based Actor September 2020)
Hildegard

Hildegard has searched for SSH keys, Docker credentials, and Kubernetes service tokens.(Citation: Unit 42 Hildegard Malware)
TA505

TA505 has used malware to gather credentials from FTP clients and Outlook.(Citation: Proofpoint TA505 Sep 2017)
TrickBot

TrickBot can obtain passwords stored in files from several applications such as Outlook, Filezilla, OpenSSH, OpenVPN and WinSCP.(Citation: Trend Micro Trickbot Nov 2018)(Citation: Cyberreason Anchor December 2019) Additionally, it searches for the ".vnc.lnk" affix to steal VNC credentials.(Citation: TrendMicro Trickbot Feb 2019)
AADInternals

AADInternals can gather unsecured credentials for Azure AD services, such as Azure AD Connect, from a local machine.(Citation: AADInternals Documentation)
APT3

APT3 has a tool that can locate credentials in files on the file system such as those from Firefox or Chrome.(Citation: Symantec Buckeye)
Leafminer

Leafminer used several tools for retrieving login and password information, including LaZagne.(Citation: Symantec Leafminer July 2018)
QuasarRAT

QuasarRAT can obtain passwords from FTP clients.(Citation: GitHub QuasarRAT)(Citation: Volexity Patchwork June 2018)
pngdowner

If an initial connectivity check fails, pngdowner attempts to extract proxy details and credentials from Windows Protected Storage and from the IE Credentials Store. This allows the adversary to use the proxy credentials for subsequent requests if they enable outbound HTTP access.(Citation: CrowdStrike Putter Panda)
Kimsuky

Kimsuky has used tools that are capable of obtaining credentials from saved mail.(Citation: Netscout Stolen Pencil Dec 2018)
BlackEnergy

BlackEnergy has used a plug-in to gather credentials stored in files on the host by various software programs, including The Bat! email client, Outlook, and Windows Credential Store.(Citation: F-Secure BlackEnergy 2014)(Citation: Securelist BlackEnergy Nov 2014)
Stolen Pencil

Stolen Pencil has used tools that are capable of obtaining credentials from saved mail.(Citation: Netscout Stolen Pencil Dec 2018)
jRAT

jRAT can capture passwords from common chat applications such as MSN Messenger, AOL, Instant Messenger, and and Google Talk.(Citation: Kaspersky Adwind Feb 2016)
OilRig

OilRig has used credential dumping tools such as LaZagne to steal credentials to accounts logged into the compromised system and to Outlook Web Access.(Citation: Unit 42 Playbook Dec 2017)(Citation: FireEye APT34 Webinar Dec 2017)(Citation: FireEye APT35 2018)(Citation: FireEye APT34 July 2019)
TeamTNT

TeamTNT has searched for unsecured AWS credentials and Docker API credentials.(Citation: Cado Security TeamTNT Worm August 2020)(Citation: Trend Micro TeamTNT)(Citation: Cisco Talos Intelligence Group)
MuddyWater

MuddyWater has run a tool that steals passwords saved in victim email.(Citation: Symantec MuddyWater Dec 2018)

Контрмеры
Контрмера Описание
Credentials in Files Mitigation

Establish an organizational policy that prohibits password storage in files. Ensure that developers and system administrators are aware of the risk associated with having plaintext passwords in software configuration files that may be left on endpoint systems or servers. Preemptively search for files containing passwords and remove when found. Restrict file shares to specific directories with access only to necessary users. Remove vulnerable Group Policy Preferences. (Citation: Microsoft MS14-025)
User Training

Train users to be aware of access or manipulation attempts by an adversary to reduce the risk of successful spearphishing, social engineering, and other techniques that involve user interaction.
Audit

Perform audits or scans of systems, permissions, insecure software, insecure configurations, etc. to identify potential weaknesses.
Restrict File and Directory Permissions

Restrict access by setting directory and file permissions that are not specific to users or privileged accounts.
Password Policies

Set and enforce secure password policies for accounts.

Обнаружение

While detecting adversaries accessing these files may be difficult without knowing they exist in the first place, it may be possible to detect adversary use of credentials they have obtained. Monitor the command-line arguments of executing processes for suspicious words or regular expressions that may indicate searching for a password (for example: password, pwd, login, secure, or credentials). See Valid Accounts for more information.

Ссылки

  1. Maddalena, C.. (2018, September 12). Head in the Clouds. Retrieved October 4, 2019.
  2. Chen, J.. (2020, January 29). Attacker's Tactics and Techniques in Unsecured Docker Daemons Revealed. Retrieved March 31, 2021.
  3. Chen, J. et al. (2021, February 3). Hildegard: New TeamTNT Cryptojacking Malware Targeting Kubernetes. Retrieved April 5, 2021.
  4. Security Research and Defense. (2014, May 13). MS14-025: An Update for Group Policy Preferences. Retrieved January 28, 2015.
  5. CG. (2014, May 20). Mimikatz Against Virtual Machine Memory Part 1. Retrieved November 12, 2014.
  6. Nicolas Verdier. (n.d.). Retrieved January 29, 2018.
  7. Schroeder, W., Warner, J., Nelson, M. (n.d.). Github PowerShellEmpire. Retrieved April 28, 2016.
  8. Crowdstrike Global Intelligence Team. (2014, June 9). CrowdStrike Intelligence Report: Putter Panda. Retrieved January 22, 2016.
  9. Belcher, P.. (2016, July 28). Tunnel of Gov: DNC Hack and the Russian XTunnel. Retrieved August 3, 2016.
  10. Baumgartner, K. and Garnaeva, M.. (2014, November 3). BE2 custom plugins, router abuse, and target profiles. Retrieved March 24, 2016.
  11. F-Secure Labs. (2014). BlackEnergy & Quedagh: The convergence of crimeware and APT attacks. Retrieved March 24, 2016.
  12. Kamluk, V. & Gostev, A. (2016, February). Adwind - A Cross-Platform RAT. Retrieved April 23, 2019.
  13. Bromiley, M., et al.. (2019, July 18). Hard Pass: Declining APT34’s Invite to Join Their Professional Network. Retrieved August 26, 2019.
  14. Mandiant. (2018). Mandiant M-Trends 2018. Retrieved July 9, 2018.
  15. Davis, S. and Caban, D. (2017, December 19). APT34 - New Targeted Attack in the Middle East. Retrieved December 20, 2017.
  16. Unit 42. (2017, December 15). Unit 42 Playbook Viewer. Retrieved December 20, 2017.
  17. CISA. (2020, September 15). Iran-Based Threat Actor Exploits VPN Vulnerabilities. Retrieved December 21, 2020.
  18. Symantec Security Response. (2016, September 6). Buckeye cyberespionage group shifts gaze from US to Hong Kong. Retrieved September 26, 2016.
  19. CERT-FR. (2020, April 1). ATTACKS INVOLVING THE MESPINOZA/PYSA RANSOMWARE. Retrieved March 1, 2021.
  20. Llimos, N., Pascual, C.. (2019, February 12). Trickbot Adds Remote Application Credential-Grabbing Capabilities to Its Repertoire. Retrieved March 12, 2019.
  21. Dahan, A. et al. (2019, December 11). DROPPING ANCHOR: FROM A TRICKBOT INFECTION TO THE DISCOVERY OF THE ANCHOR MALWARE. Retrieved September 10, 2020.
  22. Anthony, N., Pascual, C.. (2018, November 1). Trickbot Shows Off New Trick: Password Grabber Module. Retrieved November 16, 2018.
  23. Fiser, D. Oliveira, A. (n.d.). Tracking the Activities of TeamTNT A Closer Look at a Cloud-Focused Malicious Actor Group. Retrieved September 22, 2021.
  24. Darin Smith. (2022, April 21). TeamTNT targeting AWS, Alibaba. Retrieved August 4, 2022.
  25. Cado Security. (2020, August 16). Team TNT – The First Crypto-Mining Worm to Steal AWS Credentials. Retrieved September 22, 2021.
  26. Zanni, A. (n.d.). The LaZagne Project !!!. Retrieved December 14, 2018.
  27. Yan, T., et al. (2018, November 21). New Wine in Old Bottle: New Azorult Variant Found in FindMyName Campaign using Fallout Exploit Kit. Retrieved November 29, 2018.
  28. Proofpoint Staff. (2017, September 27). Threat Actor Profile: TA505, From Dridex to GlobeImposter. Retrieved May 28, 2019.
  29. CIS. (2018, December 12). MS-ISAC Security Primer- Emotet. Retrieved March 25, 2019.
  30. US-CERT. (2018, July 20). Alert (TA18-201A) Emotet Malware. Retrieved March 25, 2019.
  31. Dr. Nestori Syynimaa. (2018, October 25). AADInternals. Retrieved February 18, 2022.
  32. ASERT team. (2018, December 5). STOLEN PENCIL Campaign Targets Academia. Retrieved February 5, 2019.
  33. Walter, J. (2020, August 10). Agent Tesla | Old RAT Uses New Tricks to Stay on Top. Retrieved December 11, 2020.
  34. Microsoft. (2014, May 13). MS14-025: Vulnerability in Group Policy Preferences could allow elevation of privilege. Retrieved January 28, 2015.
  35. Baker, B., Unterbrink H. (2018, July 03). Smoking Guns - Smoke Loader learned new tricks. Retrieved July 5, 2018.
  36. Symantec Security Response. (2018, July 25). Leafminer: New Espionage Campaigns Targeting Middle Eastern Regions. Retrieved August 28, 2018.
  37. Symantec DeepSight Adversary Intelligence Team. (2018, December 10). Seedworm: Group Compromises Government Agencies, Oil & Gas, NGOs, Telecoms, and IT Firms. Retrieved December 14, 2018.
  38. Ackerman, G., et al. (2018, December 21). OVERRULED: Containing a Potentially Destructive Adversary. Retrieved January 17, 2019.
  39. Security Response attack Investigation Team. (2019, March 27). Elfin: Relentless Espionage Group Targets Multiple Organizations in Saudi Arabia and U.S.. Retrieved April 10, 2019.
  40. Meltzer, M, et al. (2018, June 07). Patchwork APT Group Targets US Think Tanks. Retrieved July 16, 2018.
  41. MaxXor. (n.d.). QuasarRAT. Retrieved July 10, 2018.
  42. Nettitude. (2018, July 23). Python Server for PoshC2. Retrieved April 23, 2019.
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