Cервис управления информационной безопасностью
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MITRE ATT&CK - Technique Inter-Process Communication
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MITRE ATT&CK
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Inter-Process Communication
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Inter-Process Communication

ID Name
.001 Component Object Model
.002 Dynamic Data Exchange
.003 XPC Services

Adversaries may abuse inter-process communication (IPC) mechanisms for local code or command execution. IPC is typically used by processes to share data, communicate with each other, or synchronize execution. IPC is also commonly used to avoid situations such as deadlocks, which occurs when processes are stuck in a cyclic waiting pattern. Adversaries may abuse IPC to execute arbitrary code or commands. IPC mechanisms may differ depending on OS, but typically exists in a form accessible through programming languages/libraries or native interfaces such as Windows Dynamic Data Exchange or Component Object Model. Linux environments support several different IPC mechanisms, two of which being sockets and pipes.(Citation: Linux IPC) Higher level execution mediums, such as those of Command and Scripting Interpreters, may also leverage underlying IPC mechanisms. Adversaries may also use Remote Services such as Distributed Component Object Model to facilitate remote IPC execution.(Citation: Fireeye Hunting COM June 2019)

ID: T1559
Sub-techniques:  .001 .002 .003
Tactic(s): Execution
Platforms: Linux, macOS, Windows
Data Sources: Module: Module Load, Process: Process Access, Process: Process Creation, Script: Script Execution
Version: 1.3
Created: 12 Feb 2020
Last Modified: 10 Sep 2024

Procedure Examples
Name Description
Raspberry Robin

Raspberry Robin contains an embedded custom Tor network client that communicates with the primary payload via shared process memory.(Citation: TrendMicro RaspberryRobin 2022)
ROADSWEEP

ROADSWEEP can pipe command output to a targeted process.(Citation: Mandiant ROADSWEEP August 2022)
PITSTOP

PITSTOP can listen over the Unix domain socket located at `/data/runtime/cockpit/wd.fd`.(Citation: Mandiant Cutting Edge Part 3 February 2024)
Uroburos

Uroburos has the ability to move data between its kernel and user mode components, generally using named pipes.(Citation: Joint Cybersecurity Advisory AA23-129A Snake Malware May 2023)
HyperStack

HyperStack can connect to the IPC$ share on remote machines.(Citation: Accenture HyperStack October 2020)
Cyclops Blink

Cyclops Blink has the ability to create a pipe to enable inter-process communication.(Citation: Trend Micro Cyclops Blink March 2022)
RotaJakiro

When executing with non-root permissions, RotaJakiro uses the the `shmget API` to create shared memory between other known RotaJakiro processes. This allows processes to communicate with each other and share their PID.(Citation: RotaJakiro 2021 netlab360 analysis)
LunarWeb

LunarWeb can retrieve output from arbitrary processes and shell commands via a pipe.(Citation: ESET Turla Lunar toolset May 2024)
Ninja

Ninja can use pipes to redirect the standard input and the standard output.(Citation: Kaspersky ToddyCat June 2022)

Mitigations
Mitigation Description
Disable or Remove Feature or Program

Remove or deny access to unnecessary and potentially vulnerable software to prevent abuse by adversaries.
Software Configuration

Implement configuration changes to software (other than the operating system) to mitigate security risks associated to how the software operates.
Application Isolation and Sandboxing

Restrict execution of code to a virtual environment on or in transit to an endpoint system.
Privileged Account Management

Manage the creation, modification, use, and permissions associated to privileged accounts, including SYSTEM and root.
Behavior Prevention on Endpoint

Use capabilities to prevent suspicious behavior patterns from occurring on endpoint systems. This could include suspicious process, file, API call, etc. behavior.
Application Developer Guidance

This mitigation describes any guidance or training given to developers of applications to avoid introducing security weaknesses that an adversary may be able to take advantage of.

Detection

Monitor for strings in files/commands, loaded DLLs/libraries, or spawned processes that are associated with abuse of IPC mechanisms.

References

  1. N/A. (2021, April 1). Inter Process Communication (IPC). Retrieved March 11, 2022.
  2. Hamilton, C. (2019, June 4). Hunting COM Objects. Retrieved June 10, 2019.
  3. Microsoft. (2017, December 12). ADV170021 - Microsoft Office Defense in Depth Update. Retrieved February 3, 2018.
  4. Dormann, W. (2017, October 20). Disable DDEAUTO for Outlook, Word, OneNote, and Excel versions 2010, 2013, 2016. Retrieved February 3, 2018.
  5. Cimpanu, C. (2017, December 15). Microsoft Disables DDE Feature in Word to Prevent Further Malware Attacks. Retrieved December 19, 2017.
  6. Microsoft. (2017, November 8). Microsoft Security Advisory 4053440 - Securely opening Microsoft Office documents that contain Dynamic Data Exchange (DDE) fields. Retrieved November 21, 2017.
  7. Christopher So. (2022, December 20). Raspberry Robin Malware Targets Telecom, Governments. Retrieved May 17, 2024.
  8. Nelson, M. (2018, January 29). Reviving DDE: Using OneNote and Excel for Code Execution. Retrieved February 3, 2018.
  9. Jenkins, L. at al. (2022, August 4). ROADSWEEP Ransomware - Likely Iranian Threat Actor Conducts Politically Motivated Disruptive Activity Against Albanian Government Organizations. Retrieved August 6, 2024.
  10. Lin, M. et al. (2024, February 27). Cutting Edge, Part 3: Investigating Ivanti Connect Secure VPN Exploitation and Persistence Attempts. Retrieved March 1, 2024.
  11. FBI et al. (2023, May 9). Hunting Russian Intelligence “Snake” Malware. Retrieved June 8, 2023.
  12. Microsoft. (n.d.). What is Protected View?. Retrieved November 22, 2017.
  13. Accenture. (2020, October). Turla uses HyperStack, Carbon, and Kazuar to compromise government entity. Retrieved December 2, 2020.
  14. Haquebord, F. et al. (2022, March 17). Cyclops Blink Sets Sights on Asus Routers. Retrieved March 17, 2022.
  15. Microsoft. (n.d.). DCOM Security Enhancements in Windows XP Service Pack 2 and Windows Server 2003 Service Pack 1. Retrieved November 22, 2017.
  16. Microsoft. (n.d.). Registry Values for System-Wide Security. Retrieved November 21, 2017.
  17. Microsoft. (n.d.). Setting Process-Wide Security Through the Registry. Retrieved November 21, 2017.
  18. VerSprite. (2018, January 24). Exploiting VyprVPN for MacOS. Retrieved April 20, 2022.
  19. Brower, N. & D'Souza-Wiltshire, I. (2017, November 9). Enable Attack surface reduction. Retrieved February 3, 2018.
  20. Alex Turing, Hui Wang. (2021, April 28). RotaJakiro: A long live secret backdoor with 0 VT detection. Retrieved June 14, 2023.
  21. Jurčacko, F. (2024, May 15). To the Moon and back(doors): Lunar landing in diplomatic missions. Retrieved June 26, 2024.
  22. Dedola, G. (2022, June 21). APT ToddyCat. Retrieved January 3, 2024.
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