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Command and Scripting Interpreter:  Командная оболочка Unix

ID Название
.001 PowerShell
.002 AppleScript
.003 Командная оболочка Windows
.004 Командная оболочка Unix
.005 Visual Basic
.006 Python
.007 JavaScript/JScript
.008 Интерпретаторы командной строки сетевых устройств
.009 Cloud API
.010 AutoHotKey & AutoIT
.011 Lua

Adversaries may abuse Unix shell commands and scripts for execution. Unix shells are the primary command prompt on Linux and macOS systems, though many variations of the Unix shell exist (e.g. sh, bash, zsh, etc.) depending on the specific OS or distribution.(Citation: DieNet Bash)(Citation: Apple ZShell) Unix shells can control every aspect of a system, with certain commands requiring elevated privileges. Unix shells also support scripts that enable sequential execution of commands as well as other typical programming operations such as conditionals and loops. Common uses of shell scripts include long or repetitive tasks, or the need to run the same set of commands on multiple systems. Adversaries may abuse Unix shells to execute various commands or payloads. Interactive shells may be accessed through command and control channels or during lateral movement such as with SSH. Adversaries may also leverage shell scripts to deliver and execute multiple commands on victims or as part of payloads used for persistence.

ID: T1059.004
Относится к технике:  T1059
Тактика(-и): Execution
Платформы: Linux, macOS, Network
Источники данных: Command: Command Execution, Process: Process Creation
Версия: 1.2
Дата создания: 09 Mar 2020
Последнее изменение: 15 Oct 2024

Примеры процедур
Название Описание
Aquatic Panda

Aquatic Panda used malicious shell scripts in Linux environments following access via SSH to install Linux versions of Winnti malware.(Citation: Crowdstrike HuntReport 2022)
Ebury

Ebury can use the commands `Xcsh` or `Xcls` to open a shell with Ebury level permissions and `Xxsh` to open a shell with root level.(Citation: ESET Ebury May 2024)
NKAbuse

NKAbuse is initially installed and executed through an initial shell script.(Citation: NKAbuse SL)
Turian

Turian has the ability to use /bin/sh to execute commands.(Citation: ESET BackdoorDiplomacy Jun 2021)
TeamTNT

TeamTNT has used shell scripts for execution.(Citation: Trend Micro TeamTNT)(Citation: Cisco Talos Intelligence Group)
Bundlore

Bundlore has leveraged /bin/sh and /bin/bash to execute commands on the victim machine.(Citation: MacKeeper Bundlore Apr 2019)
Penquin

Penquin can execute remote commands using bash scripts.(Citation: Leonardo Turla Penquin May 2020)
Kinsing

Kinsing has used Unix shell scripts to execute commands in the victim environment.(Citation: Aqua Kinsing April 2020)
Kobalos

Kobalos can spawn a new pseudo-terminal and execute arbitrary commands at the command prompt.(Citation: ESET Kobalos Feb 2021)

Rocke

Rocke used shell scripts to run commands which would obtain persistence and execute the cryptocurrency mining malware.(Citation: Talos Rocke August 2018)

Derusbi

Derusbi is capable of creating a remote Bash shell and executing commands.(Citation: Fidelis Turbo)(Citation: FireEye Periscope March 2018)
PULSECHECK

PULSECHECK can use Unix shell script for command execution.(Citation: Mandiant Pulse Secure Zero-Day April 2021)
Chaos

Chaos provides a reverse shell connection on 8338/TCP, encrypted via AES.(Citation: Chaos Stolen Backdoor)
COATHANGER

COATHANGER provides a BusyBox reverse shell for command and control.(Citation: NCSC-NL COATHANGER Feb 2024)
Drovorub

Drovorub can execute arbitrary commands as root on a compromised system.(Citation: NSA/FBI Drovorub August 2020)
OSX_OCEANLOTUS.D

OSX_OCEANLOTUS.D uses a shell script as the main executable inside an app bundle and drops an embedded base64-encoded payload to the /tmp folder.(Citation: Trend Micro MacOS Backdoor November 2020)(Citation: sentinelone apt32 macOS backdoor 2020)
Anchor

Anchor can execute payloads via shell scripting.(Citation: Medium Anchor DNS July 2020)
LoudMiner

LoudMiner used shell scripts to launch various services and to start/stop the QEMU virtualization.(Citation: ESET LoudMiner June 2019)

AppleJeus

AppleJeus has used shell scripts to execute commands after installation and set persistence mechanisms.(Citation: CISA AppleJeus Feb 2021)(Citation: ObjectiveSee AppleJeus 2019)
WindTail

WindTail can use the open command to execute an application.(Citation: objective-see windtail1 dec 2018)
OSX/Shlayer

OSX/Shlayer can use bash scripts to check the macOS version, download payloads, and extract bytes from files. OSX/Shlayer uses the command sh -c tail -c +1381... to extract bytes at an offset from a specified file. OSX/Shlayer uses the curl -fsL "$url" >$tmp_path command to download malicious payloads into a temporary directory.(Citation: Carbon Black Shlayer Feb 2019)(Citation: sentinelone shlayer to zshlayer)(Citation: 20 macOS Common Tools and Techniques)(Citation: objectivesee osx.shlayer apple approved 2020)
NETWIRE

NETWIRE has the ability to use /bin/bash and /bin/sh to execute commands.(Citation: Red Canary NETWIRE January 2020)(Citation: Proofpoint NETWIRE December 2020)
Kazuar

Kazuar uses /bin/bash to execute commands on the victim’s machine.(Citation: Unit 42 Kazuar May 2017)
Doki

Doki has executed shell scripts with /bin/sh.(Citation: Intezer Doki July 20)
CoinTicker

CoinTicker executes a bash script to establish a reverse shell.(Citation: CoinTicker 2019)
Cuckoo Stealer

Cuckoo Stealer can spawn a bash shell to enable execution on compromised hosts.(Citation: Kandji Cuckoo April 2024)

KV Botnet Activity utilizes multiple Bash scripts during botnet installation stages, and the final botnet payload allows for running commands in the Bash shell.(Citation: Lumen KVBotnet 2023)
ZIPLINE

ZIPLINE can use `/bin/sh` to create a reverse shell and execute commands.(Citation: Mandiant Cutting Edge January 2024)

PITSTOP

PITSTOP has the ability to receive shell commands over a Unix domain socket.(Citation: Mandiant Cutting Edge Part 3 February 2024)
Volt Typhoon

Volt Typhoon has used Brightmetricagent.exe which contains a command- line interface (CLI) library that can leverage command shells including Z Shell (zsh).(Citation: CISA AA24-038A PRC Critical Infrastructure February 2024)
APT41

APT41 used Linux shell commands for system survey and information gathering prior to exploitation of vulnerabilities such as CVE-2019-19871.(Citation: FireEye APT41 March 2020)
BPFDoor

BPFDoor can create a reverse shell and supports vt100 emulator formatting.(Citation: Sandfly BPFDoor 2022)
PACEMAKER

PACEMAKER can use a simple bash script for execution.(Citation: Mandiant Pulse Secure Zero-Day April 2021)
Green Lambert

Green Lambert can use shell scripts for execution, such as /bin/sh -c.(Citation: Objective See Green Lambert for OSX Oct 2021)(Citation: Glitch-Cat Green Lambert ATTCK Oct 2021)

Skidmap

Skidmap has used pm.sh to download and install its main payload.(Citation: Trend Micro Skidmap)
MacMa

MacMa can execute supplied shell commands and uses bash scripts to perform additional actions.(Citation: ESET DazzleSpy Jan 2022)(Citation: Objective-See MacMa Nov 2021)
CallMe

CallMe has the capability to create a reverse shell on victims.(Citation: Scarlet Mimic Jan 2016)
Exaramel for Linux

Exaramel for Linux has a command to execute a shell command on the system.(Citation: ESET TeleBots Oct 2018)(Citation: ANSSI Sandworm January 2021)
CookieMiner

CookieMiner has used a Unix shell script to run a series of commands targeting macOS.(Citation: Unit42 CookieMiner Jan 2019)
XCSSET

XCSSET uses a shell script to execute Mach-o files and osacompile commands such as, osacompile -x -o xcode.app main.applescript.(Citation: trendmicro xcsset xcode project 2020)
Proton

Proton uses macOS' .command file type to script actions.(Citation: objsee mac malware 2017)
Hildegard

Hildegard has used shell scripts for execution.(Citation: Unit 42 Hildegard Malware)
Fysbis

Fysbis has the ability to create and execute commands in a remote shell for CLI.(Citation: Fysbis Palo Alto Analysis)

Контрмеры
Контрмера Описание
Execution Prevention

Block execution of code on a system through application control, and/or script blocking.

Обнаружение

Unix shell usage may be common on administrator, developer, or power user systems, depending on job function. If scripting is restricted for normal users, then any attempt to enable scripts running on a system would be considered suspicious. If scripts are not commonly used on a system, but enabled, scripts running out of cycle from patching or other administrator functions are suspicious. Scripts should be captured from the file system when possible to determine their actions and intent. Scripts are likely to perform actions with various effects on a system that may generate events, depending on the types of monitoring used. Monitor processes and command-line arguments for script execution and subsequent behavior. Actions may be related to network and system information discovery, collection, or other scriptable post-compromise behaviors and could be used as indicators of detection leading back to the source script.

Ссылки

  1. die.net. (n.d.). bash(1) - Linux man page. Retrieved June 12, 2020.
  2. Apple. (2020, January 28). Use zsh as the default shell on your Mac. Retrieved June 12, 2020.
  3. CrowdStrike. (2023). 2022 Falcon OverWatch Threat Hunting Report. Retrieved May 20, 2024.
  4. Marc-Etienne M.Léveillé. (2024, May 1). Ebury is alive but unseen. Retrieved May 21, 2024.
  5. KASPERSKY GERT. (2023, December 14). Unveiling NKAbuse: a new multiplatform threat abusing the NKN protocol. Retrieved February 8, 2024.
  6. Adam Burgher. (2021, June 10). BackdoorDiplomacy: Upgrading from Quarian to Turian. Retrieved September 1, 2021
  7. Fiser, D. Oliveira, A. (n.d.). Tracking the Activities of TeamTNT A Closer Look at a Cloud-Focused Malicious Actor Group. Retrieved September 22, 2021.
  8. Darin Smith. (2022, April 21). TeamTNT targeting AWS, Alibaba. Retrieved August 4, 2022.
  9. Sushko, O. (2019, April 17). macOS Bundlore: Mac Virus Bypassing macOS Security Features. Retrieved June 30, 2020.
  10. Leonardo. (2020, May 29). MALWARE TECHNICAL INSIGHT TURLA “Penquin_x64”. Retrieved March 11, 2021.
  11. Singer, G. (2020, April 3). Threat Alert: Kinsing Malware Attacks Targeting Container Environments. Retrieved April 1, 2021.
  12. M.Leveille, M., Sanmillan, I. (2021, February 2). Kobalos – A complex Linux threat to high performance computing infrastructure. Retrieved August 24, 2021.
  13. Liebenberg, D.. (2018, August 30). Rocke: The Champion of Monero Miners. Retrieved May 26, 2020.
  14. FireEye. (2018, March 16). Suspected Chinese Cyber Espionage Group (TEMP.Periscope) Targeting U.S. Engineering and Maritime Industries. Retrieved April 11, 2018.
  15. Fidelis Cybersecurity. (2016, February 29). The Turbo Campaign, Featuring Derusbi for 64-bit Linux. Retrieved March 2, 2016.
  16. Perez, D. et al. (2021, April 20). Check Your Pulse: Suspected APT Actors Leverage Authentication Bypass Techniques and Pulse Secure Zero-Day. Retrieved February 5, 2024.
  17. Sebastian Feldmann. (2018, February 14). Chaos: a Stolen Backdoor Rising Again. Retrieved March 5, 2018.
  18. Dutch Military Intelligence and Security Service (MIVD) & Dutch General Intelligence and Security Service (AIVD). (2024, February 6). Ministry of Defense of the Netherlands uncovers COATHANGER, a stealthy Chinese FortiGate RAT. Retrieved February 7, 2024.
  19. NSA/FBI. (2020, August). Russian GRU 85th GTsSS Deploys Previously Undisclosed Drovorub Malware. Retrieved August 25, 2020.
  20. Phil Stokes. (2020, December 2). APT32 Multi-stage macOS Trojan Innovates on Crimeware Scripting Technique. Retrieved September 13, 2021.
  21. Magisa, L. (2020, November 27). New MacOS Backdoor Connected to OceanLotus Surfaces. Retrieved December 2, 2020.
  22. Grange, W. (2020, July 13). Anchor_dns malware goes cross platform. Retrieved September 10, 2020.
  23. Malik, M. (2019, June 20). LoudMiner: Cross-platform mining in cracked VST software. Retrieved May 18, 2020.
  24. Patrick Wardle. (2019, October 12). Pass the AppleJeus. Retrieved September 28, 2022.
  25. Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency. (2021, February 21). AppleJeus: Analysis of North Korea’s Cryptocurrency Malware. Retrieved March 1, 2021.
  26. Wardle, Patrick. (2018, December 20). Middle East Cyber-Espionage analyzing WindShift's implant: OSX.WindTail (part 1). Retrieved October 3, 2019.
  27. Phil Stokes. (2021, February 16). 20 Common Tools & Techniques Used by macOS Threat Actors & Malware. Retrieved August 23, 2021.
  28. Phil Stokes. (2020, September 8). Coming Out of Your Shell: From Shlayer to ZShlayer. Retrieved September 13, 2021.
  29. Patrick Wardle. (2020, August 30). Apple Approved Malware malicious code ...now notarized!? #2020. Retrieved September 13, 2021.
  30. Carbon Black Threat Analysis Unit. (2019, February 12). New macOS Malware Variant of Shlayer (OSX) Discovered. Retrieved August 8, 2019.
  31. Proofpoint. (2020, December 2). Geofenced NetWire Campaigns. Retrieved January 7, 2021.
  32. Lambert, T. (2020, January 29). Intro to Netwire. Retrieved January 7, 2021.
  33. Levene, B, et al. (2017, May 03). Kazuar: Multiplatform Espionage Backdoor with API Access. Retrieved July 17, 2018.
  34. Fishbein, N., Kajiloti, M.. (2020, July 28). Watch Your Containers: Doki Infecting Docker Servers in the Cloud. Retrieved March 30, 2021.
  35. Thomas Reed. (2018, October 29). Mac cryptocurrency ticker app installs backdoors. Retrieved April 23, 2019.
  36. Kohler, A. and Lopez, C. (2024, April 30). Malware: Cuckoo Behaves Like Cross Between Infostealer and Spyware. Retrieved August 20, 2024.
  37. Black Lotus Labs. (2023, December 13). Routers Roasting On An Open Firewall: The KV-Botnet Investigation. Retrieved June 10, 2024.
  38. McLellan, T. et al. (2024, January 12). Cutting Edge: Suspected APT Targets Ivanti Connect Secure VPN in New Zero-Day Exploitation. Retrieved February 27, 2024.
  39. Lin, M. et al. (2024, February 27). Cutting Edge, Part 3: Investigating Ivanti Connect Secure VPN Exploitation and Persistence Attempts. Retrieved March 1, 2024.
  40. CISA et al.. (2024, February 7). PRC State-Sponsored Actors Compromise and Maintain Persistent Access to U.S. Critical Infrastructure. Retrieved May 15, 2024.
  41. Glyer, C, et al. (2020, March). This Is Not a Test: APT41 Initiates Global Intrusion Campaign Using Multiple Exploits. Retrieved April 28, 2020.
  42. The Sandfly Security Team. (2022, May 11). BPFDoor - An Evasive Linux Backdoor Technical Analysis. Retrieved September 29, 2023.
  43. Sandvik, Runa. (2021, October 18). Green Lambert and ATT&CK. Retrieved March 21, 2022.
  44. Sandvik, Runa. (2021, October 1). Made In America: Green Lambert for OS X. Retrieved March 21, 2022.
  45. Remillano, A., Urbanec, J. (2019, September 19). Skidmap Linux Malware Uses Rootkit Capabilities to Hide Cryptocurrency-Mining Payload. Retrieved June 4, 2020.
  46. Wardle, P. (2021, November 11). OSX.CDDS (OSX.MacMa). Retrieved June 30, 2022.
  47. M.Léveillé, M., Cherepanov, A.. (2022, January 25). Watering hole deploys new macOS malware, DazzleSpy, in Asia. Retrieved May 6, 2022.
  48. Falcone, R. and Miller-Osborn, J.. (2016, January 24). Scarlet Mimic: Years-Long Espionage Campaign Targets Minority Activists. Retrieved February 10, 2016.
  49. ANSSI. (2021, January 27). SANDWORM INTRUSION SET CAMPAIGN TARGETING CENTREON SYSTEMS. Retrieved March 30, 2021.
  50. Cherepanov, A., Lipovsky, R. (2018, October 11). New TeleBots backdoor: First evidence linking Industroyer to NotPetya. Retrieved November 27, 2018.
  51. Chen, y., et al. (2019, January 31). Mac Malware Steals Cryptocurrency Exchanges’ Cookies. Retrieved July 22, 2020.
  52. Mac Threat Response, Mobile Research Team. (2020, August 13). The XCSSET Malware: Inserts Malicious Code Into Xcode Projects, Performs UXSS Backdoor Planting in Safari, and Leverages Two Zero-day Exploits. Retrieved October 5, 2021.
  53. Patrick Wardle. (n.d.). Mac Malware of 2017. Retrieved September 21, 2018.
  54. Chen, J. et al. (2021, February 3). Hildegard: New TeamTNT Cryptojacking Malware Targeting Kubernetes. Retrieved April 5, 2021.
  55. Bryan Lee and Rob Downs. (2016, February 12). A Look Into Fysbis: Sofacy’s Linux Backdoor. Retrieved September 10, 2017.
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