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Remote Access Tools

Sub-techniques (3)

ID	Name
.001	IDE Tunneling
.002	Remote Desktop Software
.003	Remote Access Hardware

An adversary may use legitimate remote access tools to establish an interactive command and control channel within a network. Remote access tools create a session between two trusted hosts through a graphical interface, a command line interaction, a protocol tunnel via development or management software, or hardware-level access such as KVM (Keyboard, Video, Mouse) over IP solutions. Desktop support software (usually graphical interface) and remote management software (typically command line interface) allow a user to control a computer remotely as if they are a local user inheriting the user or software permissions. This software is commonly used for troubleshooting, software installation, and system management.(Citation: Symantec Living off the Land)(Citation: CrowdStrike 2015 Global Threat Report)(Citation: CrySyS Blog TeamSpy) Adversaries may similarly abuse response features included in EDR and other defensive tools that enable remote access. Remote access tools may be installed and used post-compromise as an alternate communications channel for redundant access or to establish an interactive remote desktop session with the target system. It may also be used as a malware component to establish a reverse connection or back-connect to a service or adversary-controlled system. Installation of many remote access tools may also include persistence (e.g., the software's installation routine creates a Windows Service). Remote access modules/features may also exist as part of otherwise existing software (e.g., Google Chrome’s Remote Desktop).(Citation: Google Chrome Remote Desktop)(Citation: Chrome Remote Desktop)

ID: T1219

Суб-техники: .001 .002 .003

Тактика(-и): Command and Control

Платформы: Linux, macOS, Windows

Источники данных: Drive: Drive Creation, Network Traffic: Network Connection Creation, Network Traffic: Network Traffic Content, Network Traffic: Network Traffic Flow, Process: Process Creation

Версия: 3.0

Дата создания: 18 Apr 2018

Последнее изменение: 15 Apr 2025

Название	Описание
Примеры процедур
TeamTNT	TeamTNT has established tmate sessions for C2 communications.(Citation: Unit 42 Hildegard Malware)(Citation: Cisco Talos Intelligence Group)
Dridex	Dridex contains a module for VNC.(Citation: Dell Dridex Oct 2015)
RTM	RTM has the capability to download a VNC module from command and control (C2).(Citation: ESET RTM Feb 2017)
OilRig	OilRig has incorporated remote monitoring and management (RMM) tools into their operations including ngrok.(Citation: Trend Micro Earth Simnavaz October 2024)
FIN7	FIN7 has utilized the remote management tool Atera to download malware to a compromised system.(Citation: Mandiant FIN7 Apr 2022)
GOLD SOUTHFIELD	GOLD SOUTHFIELD has used the cloud-based remote management and monitoring tool "ConnectWise Control" to deploy REvil.(Citation: Tetra Defense Sodinokibi March 2020)
INC Ransom	INC Ransom has used AnyDesk and PuTTY on compromised systems.(Citation: Huntress INC Ransom Group August 2023)(Citation: SOCRadar INC Ransom January 2024)(Citation: Huntress INC Ransomware May 2024)(Citation: SentinelOne INC Ransomware)
Carbanak	Carbanak has a plugin for VNC and Ammyy Admin Tool.(Citation: FireEye CARBANAK June 2017)
Scattered Spider	During C0027, Scattered Spider directed victims to run remote monitoring and management (RMM) tools.(Citation: Crowdstrike TELCO BPO Campaign December 2022) In addition to directing victims to run remote software, Scattered Spider members themselves also deploy RMM software including AnyDesk, LogMeIn, and ConnectWise Control to establish persistence on the compromised network.(Citation: CISA Scattered Spider Advisory November 2023)(Citation: Trellix Scattered Spider MO August 2023)
DarkVishnya	DarkVishnya used DameWare Mini Remote Control for lateral movement.(Citation: Securelist DarkVishnya Dec 2018)
TrickBot	TrickBot uses vncDll module to remote control the victim machine.(Citation: ESET Trickbot Oct 2020)(Citation: Bitdefender Trickbot March 2020)
Night Dragon	Night Dragon has used several remote administration tools as persistent infiltration channels.(Citation: McAfee Night Dragon)
Hildegard	Hildegard has established tmate sessions for C2 communications.(Citation: Unit 42 Hildegard Malware)
	During C0027, Scattered Spider directed victims to run remote monitoring and management (RMM) tools.(Citation: Crowdstrike TELCO BPO Campaign December 2022)
Sandworm Team	Sandworm Team has used remote administration tools or remote industrial control system client software for execution and to maliciously release electricity breakers.(Citation: US-CERT Ukraine Feb 2016)(Citation: Microsoft Prestige ransomware October 2022)
Carbanak	Carbanak used legitimate programs such as AmmyyAdmin and Team Viewer for remote interactive C2 to target systems.(Citation: Group-IB Anunak)
	During Night Dragon, threat actors used several remote administration tools as persistent infiltration channels.(Citation: McAfee Night Dragon)
Egregor	Egregor has checked for the LogMein event log in an attempt to encrypt files in remote machines.(Citation: Cyble Egregor Oct 2020)
MuddyWater	MuddyWater has used legitimate applications ScreenConnect, AteraAgent and SimpleHelp to manage systems remotely and move laterally.(Citation: Trend Micro Muddy Water March 2021)(Citation: Anomali Static Kitten February 2021)(Citation: Proofpoint TA450 Phishing March 2024)(Citation: group-ib_muddywater_infra)
Akira	Akira uses legitimate utilities such as AnyDesk and PuTTy for maintaining remote access to victim environments.(Citation: Secureworks GOLD SAHARA)(Citation: Arctic Wolf Akira 2023)
BlackByte	BlackByte has used tools such as AnyDesk in victim environments.(Citation: Picus BlackByte 2022)(Citation: Microsoft BlackByte 2023)
Cobalt Group	Cobalt Group used the Ammyy Admin tool as well as TeamViewer for remote access, including to preserve remote access if a Cobalt Strike module was lost.(Citation: PTSecurity Cobalt Group Aug 2017)(Citation: PTSecurity Cobalt Dec 2016)(Citation: Group IB Cobalt Aug 2017)

Контрмера	Описание
Контрмеры
Execution Prevention	Prevent the execution of unauthorized or malicious code on systems by implementing application control, script blocking, and other execution prevention mechanisms. This ensures that only trusted and authorized code is executed, reducing the risk of malware and unauthorized actions. This mitigation can be implemented through the following measures: Application Control: - Use Case: Use tools like AppLocker or Windows Defender Application Control (WDAC) to create whitelists of authorized applications and block unauthorized ones. On Linux, use tools like SELinux or AppArmor to define mandatory access control policies for application execution. - Implementation: Allow only digitally signed or pre-approved applications to execute on servers and endpoints. (e.g., `New-AppLockerPolicy -PolicyType Enforced -FilePath "C:\Policies\AppLocker.xml"`) Script Blocking: - Use Case: Use script control mechanisms to block unauthorized execution of scripts, such as PowerShell or JavaScript. Web Browsers: Use browser extensions or settings to block JavaScript execution from untrusted sources. - Implementation: Configure PowerShell to enforce Constrained Language Mode for non-administrator users. (e.g., `Set-ExecutionPolicy AllSigned`) Executable Blocking: - Use Case: Prevent execution of binaries from suspicious locations, such as `%TEMP%` or `%APPDATA%` directories. - Implementation: Block execution of `.exe`, `.bat`, or `.ps1` files from user-writable directories. Dynamic Analysis Prevention: - Use Case: Use behavior-based execution prevention tools to identify and block malicious activity in real time. - Implemenation: Employ EDR solutions that analyze runtime behavior and block suspicious code execution.
Remote Access Tools Mitigation	Properly configure firewalls, application firewalls, and proxies to limit outgoing traffic to sites and services used by remote access tools. Network intrusion detection and prevention systems that use network signatures may be able to prevent traffic to these services as well. Use application whitelisting to mitigate use of and installation of unapproved software.
Filter Network Traffic	Employ network appliances and endpoint software to filter ingress, egress, and lateral network traffic. This includes protocol-based filtering, enforcing firewall rules, and blocking or restricting traffic based on predefined conditions to limit adversary movement and data exfiltration. This mitigation can be implemented through the following measures: Ingress Traffic Filtering: - Use Case: Configure network firewalls to allow traffic only from authorized IP addresses to public-facing servers. - Implementation: Limit SSH (port 22) and RDP (port 3389) traffic to specific IP ranges. Egress Traffic Filtering: - Use Case: Use firewalls or endpoint security software to block unauthorized outbound traffic to prevent data exfiltration and command-and-control (C2) communications. - Implementation: Block outbound traffic to known malicious IPs or regions where communication is unexpected. Protocol-Based Filtering: - Use Case: Restrict the use of specific protocols that are commonly abused by adversaries, such as SMB, RPC, or Telnet, based on business needs. - Implementation: Disable SMBv1 on endpoints to prevent exploits like EternalBlue. Network Segmentation: - Use Case: Create network segments for critical systems and restrict communication between segments unless explicitly authorized. - Implementation: Implement VLANs to isolate IoT devices or guest networks from core business systems. Application Layer Filtering: - Use Case: Use proxy servers or Web Application Firewalls (WAFs) to inspect and block malicious HTTP/S traffic. - Implementation: Configure a WAF to block SQL injection attempts or other web application exploitation techniques.
Limit Hardware Installation	Prevent unauthorized users or groups from installing or using hardware, such as external drives, peripheral devices, or unapproved internal hardware components, by enforcing hardware usage policies and technical controls. This includes disabling USB ports, restricting driver installation, and implementing endpoint security tools to monitor and block unapproved devices. This mitigation can be implemented through the following measures: Disable USB Ports and Hardware Installation Policies: - Use Group Policy Objects (GPO) to disable USB mass storage devices: - Navigate to Computer Configuration > Administrative Templates > System > Removable Storage Access. - Deny write and read access to USB devices. - Whitelist approved devices using unique serial numbers via Windows Device Installation Policies. Deploy Endpoint Protection and Device Control Solutions: - Use tools like Microsoft Defender for Endpoint, Symantec Endpoint Protection, or Tanium to monitor and block unauthorized hardware. - Implement device control policies to allow specific hardware types (e.g., keyboards, mice) and block others. Harden BIOS/UEFI and System Firmware: - Set strong passwords for BIOS/UEFI access. - Enable Secure Boot to prevent rogue hardware components from loading unauthorized firmware. Restrict Peripheral Devices and Drivers: - Use Windows Device Manager Policies to block installation of unapproved drivers. - Monitor hardware installation attempts through endpoint monitoring tools. Disable Bluetooth and Wireless Hardware: - Use GPO or MDM tools to disable Bluetooth and Wi-Fi interfaces across systems. - Restrict hardware pairing to approved devices only. Logging and Monitoring: - Enable logging for hardware installation events in Windows Event Logs (Event ID 20001 for Device Setup Manager). - Use SIEM solutions (e.g., Splunk, Elastic Stack) to detect unauthorized hardware installation activities. Tools for Implementation USB and Device Control: - Microsoft Group Policy Objects (GPO) - Microsoft Defender for Endpoint - Symantec Endpoint Protection - McAfee Device Control Endpoint Monitoring: - EDRs - OSSEC (open-source host-based IDS) Hardware Whitelisting: - BitLocker for external drives (Windows) - Windows Device Installation Policies - Device Control BIOS/UEFI Security: - Secure Boot (Windows/Linux) Firmware management tools like Dell Command Update or HP Sure Start
Network Intrusion Prevention	Use intrusion detection signatures to block traffic at network boundaries.
Disable or Remove Feature or Program	Disable or remove unnecessary and potentially vulnerable software, features, or services to reduce the attack surface and prevent abuse by adversaries. This involves identifying software or features that are no longer needed or that could be exploited and ensuring they are either removed or properly disabled. This mitigation can be implemented through the following measures: Remove Legacy Software: - Use Case: Disable or remove older versions of software that no longer receive updates or security patches (e.g., legacy Java, Adobe Flash). - Implementation: A company removes Flash Player from all employee systems after it has reached its end-of-life date. Disable Unused Features: - Use Case: Turn off unnecessary operating system features like SMBv1, Telnet, or RDP if they are not required. - Implementation: Disable SMBv1 in a Windows environment to mitigate vulnerabilities like EternalBlue. Control Applications Installed by Users: - Use Case: Prevent users from installing unauthorized software via group policies or other management tools. - Implementation: Block user installations of unauthorized file-sharing applications (e.g., BitTorrent clients) in an enterprise environment. Remove Unnecessary Services: - Use Case: Identify and disable unnecessary default services running on endpoints, servers, or network devices. - Implementation: Disable unused administrative shares (e.g., C$, ADMIN$) on workstations. Restrict Add-ons and Plugins: - Use Case: Remove or disable browser plugins and add-ons that are not needed for business purposes. - Implementation: Disable Java and ActiveX plugins in web browsers to prevent drive-by attacks.

Обнаружение

Monitor for applications and processes related to remote admin tools. Correlate activity with other suspicious behavior that may reduce false positives if these tools are used by legitimate users and administrators. Analyze network data for uncommon data flows (e.g., a client sending significantly more data than it receives from a server). Processes utilizing the network that do not normally have network communication or have never been seen before are suspicious. Analyze packet contents to detect application layer protocols that do not follow the expected protocol for the port that is being used. Domain Fronting may be used in conjunction to avoid defenses. Adversaries will likely need to deploy and/or install these remote tools to compromised systems. It may be possible to detect or prevent the installation of these tools with host-based solutions.

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