Cервис управления информационной безопасностью
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MITRE ATT&CK - Техника VNC
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MITRE ATT&CK
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SECURITM это SGRC система, ? автоматизирующая процессы в службах информационной безопасности. SECURITM помогает построить и управлять ИСПДн, КИИ, ГИС, СМИБ/СУИБ, банковскими системами защиты.
А еще SECURITM это место для обмена опытом и наработками для служб безопасности.
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Remote Services:  VNC

ID Название
.001 Протокол удаленного рабочего стола
.002 Общие SMB-ресурсы или ресурсы администраторов Windows
.003 Распределенная COM-модель
.004 SSH
.005 VNC
.006 Служба удаленного управления Windows

Adversaries may use Valid Accounts to remotely control machines using Virtual Network Computing (VNC). VNC is a platform-independent desktop sharing system that uses the RFB (“remote framebuffer”) protocol to enable users to remotely control another computer’s display by relaying the screen, mouse, and keyboard inputs over the network.(Citation: The Remote Framebuffer Protocol) VNC differs from Remote Desktop Protocol as VNC is screen-sharing software rather than resource-sharing software. By default, VNC uses the system's authentication, but it can be configured to use credentials specific to VNC.(Citation: MacOS VNC software for Remote Desktop)(Citation: VNC Authentication) Adversaries may abuse VNC to perform malicious actions as the logged-on user such as opening documents, downloading files, and running arbitrary commands. An adversary could use VNC to remotely control and monitor a system to collect data and information to pivot to other systems within the network. Specific VNC libraries/implementations have also been susceptible to brute force attacks and memory usage exploitation.(Citation: Hijacking VNC)(Citation: macOS root VNC login without authentication)(Citation: VNC Vulnerabilities)(Citation: Offensive Security VNC Authentication Check)(Citation: Attacking VNC Servers PentestLab)(Citation: Havana authentication bug)

ID: T1021.005
Относится к технике:  T1021
Тактика(-и): Lateral Movement
Платформы: Linux, macOS, Windows
Источники данных: Logon Session: Logon Session Creation, Network Traffic: Network Connection Creation, Process: Process Creation
Версия: 1.1
Дата создания: 11 Feb 2020
Последнее изменение: 07 Oct 2021

Примеры процедур
Название Описание
ZxShell

ZxShell supports functionality for VNC sessions.(Citation: Talos ZxShell Oct 2014)

Gamaredon Group

Gamaredon Group has used VNC tools, including UltraVNC, to remotely interact with compromised hosts.(Citation: Symantec Shuckworm January 2022)(Citation: Microsoft Actinium February 2022)(Citation: Unit 42 Gamaredon February 2022)
FIN7

FIN7 has used TightVNC to control compromised hosts.(Citation: CrowdStrike Carbon Spider August 2021)
DanBot

DanBot can use VNC for remote access to targeted systems.(Citation: ClearSky Siamesekitten August 2021)
Carberp

Carberp can start a remote VNC session by downloading a new plugin.(Citation: Prevx Carberp March 2011)
GCMAN

GCMAN uses VNC for lateral movement.(Citation: Securelist GCMAN)
Fox Kitten

Fox Kitten has installed TightVNC server and client on compromised servers and endpoints for lateral movement.(Citation: CISA AA20-259A Iran-Based Actor September 2020)
TrickBot

TrickBot has used a VNC module to monitor the victim and collect information to pivot to valuable systems on the network (Citation: Trickbot VNC module July 2021)(Citation: Bitdefender Trickbot VNC module Whitepaper 2021)
Proton

Proton uses VNC to connect into systems.(Citation: objsee mac malware 2017)
WarzoneRAT

WarzoneRAT has the ability of performing remote desktop access via a VNC console.(Citation: Check Point Warzone Feb 2020)

Контрмеры
Контрмера Описание
Disable or Remove Feature or Program

Remove or deny access to unnecessary and potentially vulnerable software to prevent abuse by adversaries.
Filter Network Traffic

Use network appliances to filter ingress or egress traffic and perform protocol-based filtering. Configure software on endpoints to filter network traffic.
Audit

Perform audits or scans of systems, permissions, insecure software, insecure configurations, etc. to identify potential weaknesses.
Limit Software Installation

Block users or groups from installing unapproved software.

Обнаружение

Use of VNC may be legitimate depending on the environment and how it’s used. Other factors, such as access patterns and activity that occurs after a remote login, may indicate suspicious or malicious behavior using VNC. On macOS systems log show --predicate 'process = "screensharingd" and eventMessage contains "Authentication:"' can be used to review incoming VNC connection attempts for suspicious activity.(Citation: Apple Unified Log Analysis Remote Login and Screen Sharing) Monitor for use of built-in debugging environment variables (such as those containing credentials or other sensitive information) as well as test/default users on VNC servers, as these can leave openings for adversaries to abuse.(Citation: Gnome Remote Desktop grd-settings)(Citation: Gnome Remote Desktop gschema)

Ссылки

  1. Pascal Nowack. (n.d.). Retrieved September 21, 2021.
  2. Pascal Nowack. (n.d.). Retrieved September 21, 2021.
  3. Sarah Edwards. (2020, April 30). Analysis of Apple Unified Logs: Quarantine Edition [Entry 6] – Working From Home? Remote Logins. Retrieved August 19, 2021.
  4. Jay Pipes. (2013, December 23). Security Breach! Tenant A is seeing the VNC Consoles of Tenant B!. Retrieved October 6, 2021.
  5. Administrator, Penetration Testing Lab. (2012, October 30). Attacking VNC Servers. Retrieved October 6, 2021.
  6. Offensive Security. (n.d.). VNC Authentication. Retrieved October 6, 2021.
  7. Sergiu Gatlan. (2019, November 22). Dozens of VNC Vulnerabilities Found in Linux, Windows Solutions. Retrieved September 20, 2021.
  8. Nick Miles. (2017, November 30). Detecting macOS High Sierra root account without authentication. Retrieved September 20, 2021.
  9. Z3RO. (2019, March 10). Day 70: Hijacking VNC (Enum, Brute, Access and Crack). Retrieved September 20, 2021.
  10. Tegan. (2019, August 15). Setting up System Authentication. Retrieved September 20, 2021.
  11. Apple Support. (n.d.). Set up a computer running VNC software for Remote Desktop. Retrieved August 18, 2021.
  12. T. Richardson, J. Levine, RealVNC Ltd.. (2011, March). The Remote Framebuffer Protocol. Retrieved September 20, 2021.
  13. ClearSky Cyber Security . (2021, August). New Iranian Espionage Campaign By “Siamesekitten” - Lyceum. Retrieved June 6, 2022.
  14. Radu Tudorica. (2021, July 12). A Fresh Look at Trickbot’s Ever-Improving VNC Module. Retrieved September 28, 2021.
  15. Ionut Illascu. (2021, July 14). Trickbot updates its VNC module for high-value targets. Retrieved September 10, 2021.
  16. Patrick Wardle. (n.d.). Mac Malware of 2017. Retrieved September 21, 2018.
  17. Giuliani, M., Allievi, A. (2011, February 28). Carberp - a modular information stealing trojan. Retrieved July 15, 2020.
  18. Loui, E. and Reynolds, J. (2021, August 30). CARBON SPIDER Embraces Big Game Hunting, Part 1. Retrieved September 20, 2021.
  19. Allievi, A., et al. (2014, October 28). Threat Spotlight: Group 72, Opening the ZxShell. Retrieved September 24, 2019.
  20. CISA. (2020, September 15). Iran-Based Threat Actor Exploits VPN Vulnerabilities. Retrieved December 21, 2020.
  21. Harakhavik, Y. (2020, February 3). Warzone: Behind the enemy lines. Retrieved December 17, 2021.
  22. Unit 42. (2022, February 3). Russia’s Gamaredon aka Primitive Bear APT Group Actively Targeting Ukraine. Retrieved February 21, 2022.
  23. Symantec. (2022, January 31). Shuckworm Continues Cyber-Espionage Attacks Against Ukraine. Retrieved February 17, 2022.
  24. Microsoft Threat Intelligence Center. (2022, February 4). ACTINIUM targets Ukrainian organizations. Retrieved February 18, 2022.
  25. Kaspersky Lab's Global Research & Analysis Team. (2016, February 8). APT-style bank robberies increase with Metel, GCMAN and Carbanak 2.0 attacks. Retrieved April 20, 2016.
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