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MITRE ATT&CK - Technique Uncommonly Used Port
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Uncommonly Used Port
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Uncommonly Used Port

Adversaries may conduct C2 communications over a non-standard port to bypass proxies and firewalls that have been improperly configured.

ID: T1065
Tactic(s): Command and Control
Platforms: Linux, macOS, Windows
Version: 1.0
Created: 31 May 2017
Last Modified: 14 Mar 2020

Procedure Examples
Name Description
Group5

Group5 C2 servers communicated with malware over TCP 8081, 8282, and 8083.(Citation: Citizen Lab Group5)
Volgmer

Some Volgmer variants use port 8088 for C2.(Citation: US-CERT Volgmer Nov 2017)(Citation: US-CERT Volgmer 2 Nov 2017)(Citation: Symantec Volgmer Aug 2014)
PoisonIvy

PoisonIvy opens a backdoor on TCP ports 6868 and 7777.(Citation: Symantec Darkmoon Aug 2005)
TrickBot

TrickBot uses ports 447 and 8082 for C2 communications.(Citation: S2 Grupo TrickBot June 2017)(Citation: Fidelis TrickBot Oct 2016)(Citation: Trend Micro Totbrick Oct 2016)
TEMP.Veles

TEMP.Veles has used ports 4444, 8531, and 50501 for C2.(Citation: FireEye TRITON 2019)
Cannon

Cannon uses port 587 for C2.(Citation: Unit42 Cannon Nov 2018)
Magic Hound

Magic Hound malware has communicated with its C2 server over ports 4443 and 3543.(Citation: Unit 42 Magic Hound Feb 2017)
InnaputRAT

InnaputRAT uses port 52100 and 5876 for C2 communications.(Citation: ASERT InnaputRAT April 2018)
ZxShell

ZxShell uses ports 1985 and 1986 for communication.(Citation: Talos ZxShell Oct 2014)

RedLeaves

RedLeaves can use port 995 for C2.(Citation: PWC Cloud Hopper Technical Annex April 2017)
POWERSTATS

POWERSTATS has used ports 8060 and 8888 for C2.(Citation: Unit 42 MuddyWater Nov 2017)
TYPEFRAME

A TYPEFRAME variant can use port 127 for communications.(Citation: US-CERT TYPEFRAME June 2018)
APT33

APT33 has used ports 808 and 880 for command and control.(Citation: Symantec Elfin Mar 2019)
CoinTicker

CoinTicker establishes outbound connections for command and control on ports 2280 and 1339.(Citation: CoinTicker 2019)
Revenge RAT

Revenge RAT has communicated over TCP port 3333.(Citation: Cylance Shaheen Nov 2018)
Lazarus Group

Some Lazarus Group malware uses a list of ordered port numbers to choose a port for C2 traffic, which includes uncommonly used ports such as 995, 1816, 465, 1521, 3306, and many others.(Citation: Novetta Blockbuster)(Citation: Novetta Blockbuster RATs)
Remsec

A Remsec module has a default C2 port of 13000.(Citation: Kaspersky ProjectSauron Technical Analysis)
GravityRAT

GravityRAT uses port 46769 for C2.(Citation: Talos GravityRAT)
njRAT

njRAT has been observed communicating over uncommon TCP ports, including 1177 and 8282.(Citation: Fidelis njRAT June 2013)(Citation: Trend Micro njRAT 2018)(Citation: Citizen Lab Group5)
Emotet

Emotet has been observed communicating over non standard ports, including 7080 and 50000.(Citation: Kaspersky Emotet Jan 2019)(Citation: Picus Emotet Dec 2018)(Citation: Sophos Emotet Apr 2019)(Citation: Talos Emotet Jan 2019)
HiddenWasp

HiddenWasp uses port 61061 to communicate with the C2 server.(Citation: Intezer HiddenWasp Map 2019)
HOPLIGHT

HOPLIGHT has used uncommon TCP "high port" to "high port" communication.(Citation: US-CERT HOPLIGHT Apr 2019)

Gorgon Group

Gorgon Group has used a variant of ShiftyBug that communicates with its C2 server over port 6666.(Citation: Unit 42 Gorgon Group Aug 2018)
Bankshot

Bankshot binds and listens on port 1058.(Citation: US-CERT Bankshot Dec 2017)
Zebrocy

Zebrocy uses port 465 for C2.(Citation: ESET Zebrocy Nov 2018)
MobileOrder

MobileOrder communicates with its C2 server over TCP port 3728.(Citation: Scarlet Mimic Jan 2016)
Agent Tesla

Agent Tesla has enabled TCP on port 587 for C2 communications.(Citation: Fortinet Agent Tesla April 2018)(Citation: Talos Agent Tesla Oct 2018)
APT3

An APT3 downloader establishes SOCKS5 connections to two separate IP addresses over TCP port 1913 and TCP port 81.(Citation: FireEye Operation Double Tap)
NanoCore

NanoCore communicates to its C2 over ports 6666 and 4782.(Citation: Unit 42 Gorgon Group Aug 2018)(Citation: PaloAlto NanoCore Feb 2016)
APT32

APT32 backdoor can use HTTP over an uncommon TCP port (e.g 14146) which is specified in the backdoor configuration.(Citation: ESET OceanLotus Mar 2019)

Mitigations
Mitigation Description
Uncommonly Used Port Mitigation

Properly configure firewalls and proxies to limit outgoing traffic to only necessary ports. Network intrusion detection and prevention systems that use network signatures to identify traffic for specific adversary malware can be used to mitigate activity at the network level. Signatures are often for unique indicators within protocols and may be based on the specific protocol used by a particular adversary or tool, and will likely be different across various malware families and versions. Adversaries will likely change tool C2 signatures over time or construct protocols in such a way as to avoid detection by common defensive tools. (Citation: University of Birmingham C2)
Network Segmentation

Architect sections of the network to isolate critical systems, functions, or resources. Use physical and logical segmentation to prevent access to potentially sensitive systems and information. Use a DMZ to contain any internet-facing services that should not be exposed from the internal network. Configure separate virtual private cloud (VPC) instances to isolate critical cloud systems.
Network Intrusion Prevention

Use intrusion detection signatures to block traffic at network boundaries.

Detection

Analyze network data for uncommon data flows (e.g., a client sending significantly more data than it receives from a server). Processes utilizing the network that do not normally have network communication or have never been seen before are suspicious. Analyze packet contents to detect communications that do not follow the expected protocol behavior for the port that is being used. (Citation: University of Birmingham C2)

References

  1. Gardiner, J., Cova, M., Nagaraja, S. (2014, February). Command & Control Understanding, Denying and Detecting. Retrieved April 20, 2016.
  2. Sanmillan, I. (2019, May 29). HiddenWasp Malware Stings Targeted Linux Systems. Retrieved June 24, 2019.
  3. US-CERT. (2017, December 13). Malware Analysis Report (MAR) - 10135536-B. Retrieved July 17, 2018.
  4. ESET. (2018, November 20). Sednit: What’s going on with Zebrocy?. Retrieved February 12, 2019.
  5. Livelli, K, et al. (2018, November 12). Operation Shaheen. Retrieved May 1, 2019.
  6. Kaspersky Lab's Global Research & Analysis Team. (2016, August 9). The ProjectSauron APT. Technical Analysis. Retrieved August 17, 2016.
  7. US-CERT. (2018, June 14). MAR-10135536-12 – North Korean Trojan: TYPEFRAME. Retrieved July 13, 2018.
  8. Yagi, J. (2014, August 24). Trojan.Volgmer. Retrieved July 16, 2018.
  9. US-CERT. (2017, November 01). Malware Analysis Report (MAR) - 10135536-D. Retrieved July 16, 2018.
  10. US-CERT. (2017, November 22). Alert (TA17-318B): HIDDEN COBRA – North Korean Trojan: Volgmer. Retrieved December 7, 2017.
  11. Thomas Reed. (2018, October 29). Mac cryptocurrency ticker app installs backdoors. Retrieved April 23, 2019.
  12. Novetta Threat Research Group. (2016, February 24). Operation Blockbuster: Unraveling the Long Thread of the Sony Attack. Retrieved February 25, 2016.
  13. Novetta Threat Research Group. (2016, February 24). Operation Blockbuster: Remote Administration Tools & Content Staging Malware Report. Retrieved March 16, 2016.
  14. Scott-Railton, J., et al. (2016, August 2). Group5: Syria and the Iranian Connection. Retrieved September 26, 2016.
  15. Pascual, C. (2018, November 27). AutoIt-Compiled Worm Affecting Removable Media Delivers Fileless Version of BLADABINDI/njRAT Backdoor. Retrieved June 4, 2019.
  16. Fidelis Cybersecurity. (2013, June 28). Fidelis Threat Advisory #1009: "njRAT" Uncovered. Retrieved June 4, 2019.
  17. Falcone, R. and Miller-Osborn, J.. (2016, January 24). Scarlet Mimic: Years-Long Espionage Campaign Targets Minority Activists. Retrieved February 10, 2016.
  18. Hayashi, K. (2005, August 18). Backdoor.Darkmoon. Retrieved February 23, 2018.
  19. Brumaghin, E., et al. (2018, October 15). Old dog, new tricks - Analysing new RTF-based campaign distributing Agent Tesla, Loki with PyREbox. Retrieved November 5, 2018.
  20. Zhang, X. (2018, April 05). Analysis of New Agent Tesla Spyware Variant. Retrieved November 5, 2018.
  21. Dumont, R. (2019, March 20). Fake or Fake: Keeping up with OceanLotus decoys. Retrieved April 1, 2019.
  22. Antazo, F. (2016, October 31). TSPY_TRICKLOAD.N. Retrieved September 14, 2018.
  23. Reaves, J. (2016, October 15). TrickBot: We Missed you, Dyre. Retrieved August 2, 2018.
  24. Salinas, M., Holguin, J. (2017, June). Evolution of Trickbot. Retrieved July 31, 2018.
  25. Falcone, R., Lee, B. (2018, November 20). Sofacy Continues Global Attacks and Wheels Out New ‘Cannon’ Trojan. Retrieved November 26, 2018.
  26. Allievi, A., et al. (2014, October 28). Threat Spotlight: Group 72, Opening the ZxShell. Retrieved September 24, 2019.
  27. Lancaster, T.. (2017, November 14). Muddying the Water: Targeted Attacks in the Middle East. Retrieved March 15, 2018.
  28. Mercer, W., Rascagneres, P. (2018, April 26). GravityRAT - The Two-Year Evolution Of An APT Targeting India. Retrieved May 16, 2018.
  29. Security Response attack Investigation Team. (2019, March 27). Elfin: Relentless Espionage Group Targets Multiple Organizations in Saudi Arabia and U.S.. Retrieved April 10, 2019.
  30. PwC and BAE Systems. (2017, April). Operation Cloud Hopper: Technical Annex. Retrieved April 13, 2017.
  31. Brumaghin, E.. (2019, January 15). Emotet re-emerges after the holidays. Retrieved March 25, 2019.
  32. Brandt, A.. (2019, May 5). Emotet 101, stage 4: command and control. Retrieved April 16, 2019.
  33. Özarslan, S. (2018, December 21). The Christmas Card you never wanted - A new wave of Emotet is back to wreak havoc. Retrieved March 25, 2019.
  34. Shulmin, A. . (2015, April 9). The Banking Trojan Emotet: Detailed Analysis. Retrieved March 25, 2019.
  35. ASERT Team. (2018, April 04). Innaput Actors Utilize Remote Access Trojan Since 2016, Presumably Targeting Victim Files. Retrieved July 9, 2018.
  36. US-CERT. (2019, April 10). MAR-10135536-8 – North Korean Trojan: HOPLIGHT. Retrieved April 19, 2019.
  37. Lee, B. and Falcone, R. (2017, February 15). Magic Hound Campaign Attacks Saudi Targets. Retrieved December 27, 2017.
  38. Falcone, R., et al. (2018, August 02). The Gorgon Group: Slithering Between Nation State and Cybercrime. Retrieved August 7, 2018.
  39. Moran, N., et al. (2014, November 21). Operation Double Tap. Retrieved January 14, 2016.
  40. Kasza, A., Halfpop, T. (2016, February 09). NanoCoreRAT Behind an Increase in Tax-Themed Phishing E-mails. Retrieved November 9, 2018.
  41. Miller, S, et al. (2019, April 10). TRITON Actor TTP Profile, Custom Attack Tools, Detections, and ATT&CK Mapping. Retrieved April 16, 2019.
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