Куда я попал?
SECURITM это SGRC система, ? автоматизирующая процессы в службах информационной безопасности. SECURITM помогает построить и управлять ИСПДн, КИИ, ГИС, СМИБ/СУИБ, банковскими системами защиты.
А еще SECURITM это место для обмена опытом и наработками для служб безопасности.

Pre-OS Boot:  Буткит

Adversaries may use bootkits to persist on systems. A bootkit is a malware variant that modifies the boot sectors of a hard drive, allowing malicious code to execute before a computer's operating system has loaded. Bootkits reside at a layer below the operating system and may make it difficult to perform full remediation unless an organization suspects one was used and can act accordingly. In BIOS systems, a bootkit may modify the Master Boot Record (MBR) and/or Volume Boot Record (VBR).(Citation: Mandiant M Trends 2016) The MBR is the section of disk that is first loaded after completing hardware initialization by the BIOS. It is the location of the boot loader. An adversary who has raw access to the boot drive may overwrite this area, diverting execution during startup from the normal boot loader to adversary code.(Citation: Lau 2011) The MBR passes control of the boot process to the VBR. Similar to the case of MBR, an adversary who has raw access to the boot drive may overwrite the VBR to divert execution during startup to adversary code. In UEFI (Unified Extensible Firmware Interface) systems, a bootkit may instead create or modify files in the EFI system partition (ESP). The ESP is a partition on data storage used by devices containing UEFI that allows the system to boot the OS and other utilities used by the system. An adversary can use the newly created or patched files in the ESP to run malicious kernel code.(Citation: Microsoft Security)(Citation: welivesecurity)

ID: T1542.003
Относится к технике:  T1542
Тактика(-и): Defense Evasion, Persistence
Платформы: Linux, Windows
Источники данных: Drive: Drive Modification, File: File Creation, File: File Modification
Версия: 1.2
Дата создания: 19 Dec 2019
Последнее изменение: 15 Apr 2025

Примеры процедур

Название Описание
WhisperGate

WhisperGate overwrites the MBR with a bootloader component that performs destructive wiping operations on hard drives and displays a fake ransom note when the host boots.(Citation: Crowdstrike WhisperGate January 2022)(Citation: Cybereason WhisperGate February 2022)(Citation: Microsoft WhisperGate January 2022)(Citation: Cisco Ukraine Wipers January 2022)(Citation: Medium S2W WhisperGate January 2022)

FinFisher

Some FinFisher variants incorporate an MBR rootkit.(Citation: FinFisher Citation)(Citation: Microsoft FinFisher March 2018)

Carberp

Carberp has installed a bootkit on the system to maintain persistence.(Citation: ESET Carberp March 2012)

ROCKBOOT

ROCKBOOT is a Master Boot Record (MBR) bootkit that uses the MBR to establish persistence.(Citation: FireEye Bootkits)

BOOTRASH

BOOTRASH is a Volume Boot Record (VBR) bootkit that uses the VBR to maintain persistence.(Citation: Mandiant M Trends 2016)(Citation: FireEye Bootkits)(Citation: FireEye BOOTRASH SANS)

TrickBot

TrickBot can implant malicious code into a compromised device's firmware.(Citation: Eclypsium Trickboot December 2020)

APT28

APT28 has deployed a bootkit along with Downdelph to ensure its persistence on the victim. The bootkit shares code with some variants of BlackEnergy.(Citation: ESET Sednit Part 3)

Lazarus Group

Lazarus Group malware WhiskeyAlfa-Three modifies sector 0 of the Master Boot Record (MBR) to ensure that the malware will persist even if a victim machine shuts down.(Citation: Novetta Blockbuster)(Citation: Novetta Blockbuster Destructive Malware)

APT41

APT41 deployed Master Boot Record bootkits on Windows systems to hide their malware and maintain persistence on victim systems.(Citation: FireEye APT41 Aug 2019)

Контрмеры

Контрмера Описание
Boot Integrity

Boot Integrity ensures that a system starts securely by verifying the integrity of its boot process, operating system, and associated components. This mitigation focuses on leveraging secure boot mechanisms, hardware-rooted trust, and runtime integrity checks to prevent tampering during the boot sequence. It is designed to thwart adversaries attempting to modify system firmware, bootloaders, or critical OS components. This mitigation can be implemented through the following measures: Implementation of Secure Boot: - Implementation: Enable UEFI Secure Boot on all systems and configure it to allow only signed bootloaders and operating systems. - Use Case: An adversary attempts to replace the system’s bootloader with a malicious version to gain persistence. Secure Boot prevents the untrusted bootloader from executing, halting the attack. Utilization of TPMs: - Implementation: Configure systems to use TPM-based attestation for boot integrity, ensuring that any modification to the firmware, bootloader, or OS is detected. - Use Case: A compromised firmware component alters the boot sequence. The TPM detects the change and triggers an alert, allowing the organization to respond before further damage. Enable Bootloader Passwords: - Implementation: Protect BIOS/UEFI settings with a strong password and limit physical access to devices. - Use Case: An attacker with physical access attempts to disable Secure Boot or modify the boot sequence. The password prevents unauthorized changes. Runtime Integrity Monitoring: - Implementation: Deploy solutions to verify the integrity of critical files and processes after boot. - Use Case: A malware infection modifies kernel modules post-boot. Runtime integrity monitoring detects the modification and prevents the malicious module from loading.

Bootkit Mitigation

Ensure proper permissions are in place to help prevent adversary access to privileged accounts necessary to perform this action. Use Trusted Platform Module technology and a secure or trusted boot process to prevent system integrity from being compromised. (Citation: TCG Trusted Platform Module) (Citation: TechNet Secure Boot Process)

Privileged Account Management

Privileged Account Management focuses on implementing policies, controls, and tools to securely manage privileged accounts (e.g., SYSTEM, root, or administrative accounts). This includes restricting access, limiting the scope of permissions, monitoring privileged account usage, and ensuring accountability through logging and auditing.This mitigation can be implemented through the following measures: Account Permissions and Roles: - Implement RBAC and least privilege principles to allocate permissions securely. - Use tools like Active Directory Group Policies to enforce access restrictions. Credential Security: - Deploy password vaulting tools like CyberArk, HashiCorp Vault, or KeePass for secure storage and rotation of credentials. - Enforce password policies for complexity, uniqueness, and expiration using tools like Microsoft Group Policy Objects (GPO). Multi-Factor Authentication (MFA): - Enforce MFA for all privileged accounts using Duo Security, Okta, or Microsoft Azure AD MFA. Privileged Access Management (PAM): - Use PAM solutions like CyberArk, BeyondTrust, or Thycotic to manage, monitor, and audit privileged access. Auditing and Monitoring: - Integrate activity monitoring into your SIEM (e.g., Splunk or QRadar) to detect and alert on anomalous privileged account usage. Just-In-Time Access: - Deploy JIT solutions like Azure Privileged Identity Management (PIM) or configure ephemeral roles in AWS and GCP to grant time-limited elevated permissions. *Tools for Implementation* Privileged Access Management (PAM): - CyberArk, BeyondTrust, Thycotic, HashiCorp Vault. Credential Management: - Microsoft LAPS (Local Admin Password Solution), Password Safe, HashiCorp Vault, KeePass. Multi-Factor Authentication: - Duo Security, Okta, Microsoft Azure MFA, Google Authenticator. Linux Privilege Management: - sudo configuration, SELinux, AppArmor. Just-In-Time Access: - Azure Privileged Identity Management (PIM), AWS IAM Roles with session constraints, GCP Identity-Aware Proxy.

Обнаружение

Perform integrity checking on MBR and VBR. Take snapshots of MBR and VBR and compare against known good samples. Report changes to MBR and VBR as they occur for indicators of suspicious activity and further analysis.

Ссылки

  1. MSTIC. (2022, January 15). Destructive malware targeting Ukrainian organizations. Retrieved March 10, 2022.
  2. Andonov, D., et al. (2015, December 7). Thriving Beyond The Operating System: Financial Threat Group Targets Volume Boot Record. Retrieved May 13, 2016.
  3. Cybereason Nocturnus. (2022, February 15). Cybereason vs. WhisperGate and HermeticWiper. Retrieved March 10, 2022.
  4. FinFisher. (n.d.). Retrieved September 12, 2024.
  5. S2W. (2022, January 18). Analysis of Destructive Malware (WhisperGate) targeting Ukraine. Retrieved March 14, 2022.
  6. Eclypsium, Advanced Intelligence. (2020, December 1). TRICKBOT NOW OFFERS ‘TRICKBOOT’: PERSIST, BRICK, PROFIT. Retrieved March 15, 2021.
  7. Novetta Threat Research Group. (2016, February 24). Operation Blockbuster: Destructive Malware Report. Retrieved November 17, 2024.
  8. Mandiant. (2016, February 25). Mandiant M-Trends 2016. Retrieved November 17, 2024.
  9. Novetta Threat Research Group. (2016, February 24). Operation Blockbuster: Unraveling the Long Thread of the Sony Attack. Retrieved February 25, 2016.
  10. Microsoft Incident Response. (2023, April 11). Guidance for investigating attacks using CVE-2022-21894: The BlackLotus campaign. Retrieved February 12, 2025.
  11. Matrosov, A., Rodionov, E., Volkov, D., Harley, D. (2012, March 2). Win32/Carberp When You’re in a Black Hole, Stop Digging. Retrieved July 15, 2020.
  12. Crowdstrike. (2022, January 19). Technical Analysis of the WhisperGate Malicious Bootloader. Retrieved March 10, 2022.
  13. Allievi, A.,Flori, E. (2018, March 01). FinFisher exposed: A researcher’s tale of defeating traps, tricks, and complex virtual machines. Retrieved July 9, 2018.
  14. ESET. (2016, October). En Route with Sednit - Part 3: A Mysterious Downloader. Retrieved November 21, 2016.
  15. Glyer, C.. (2017, June 22). Boot What?. Retrieved November 17, 2024.
  16. Martin Smolár. (2023, March 1). BlackLotus UEFI bootkit: Myth confirmed. Retrieved February 11, 2025.
  17. Fraser, N., et al. (2019, August 7). Double DragonAPT41, a dual espionage and cyber crime operation APT41. Retrieved September 23, 2019.
  18. Trusted Computing Group. (2008, April 29). Trusted Platform Module (TPM) Summary. Retrieved June 8, 2016.
  19. Biasini, N. et al.. (2022, January 21). Ukraine Campaign Delivers Defacement and Wipers, in Continued Escalation. Retrieved March 14, 2022.
  20. Microsoft. (n.d.). Secure the Windows 10 boot process. Retrieved April 23, 2020.
  21. Lau, H. (2011, August 8). Are MBR Infections Back in Fashion? (Infographic). Retrieved November 13, 2014.

Связанные риски

Риск Связи
Угроза несанкционированного массового сбора информации из-за внедрения программных и аппаратных закладок в мобильном устройстве
Конфиденциальность Раскрытие информации НСД УБИ.11.5.1 УБИ.11.5.2 УБИ.11.5.3 УБИ.11.5.4 УБИ.11.5.5 ...
Нарушение тайны переписки, телефонных переговоров, иных сообщений из-за внедрения программных и аппаратных закладок в мобильном устройстве
Конфиденциальность Ущерб физическому лицу Раскрытие информации Право УБИ.1.5.1 УБИ.1.5.2 УБИ.1.5.3 УБИ.1.5.4 УБИ.1.5.5 ...
Угроза несанкционированного доступа из-за внедрения программных и аппаратных закладок в мобильном устройстве
Конфиденциальность Раскрытие информации НСД УБИ.2.5.1 УБИ.2.5.2 УБИ.2.5.3 УБИ.2.5.4 УБИ.2.5.5 ...
Угроза утечки информации из-за внедрения программных и аппаратных закладок в мобильном устройстве
Конфиденциальность Раскрытие информации УБИ.1.5.1 УБИ.1.5.2 УБИ.1.5.3 УБИ.1.5.4 УБИ.1.5.5 ...
Угроза ненадлежащего (нецелевого) использования из-за внедрения программных и аппаратных закладок в мобильном устройстве
Доступность НСД УБИ.7.5.1 УБИ.7.5.2 УБИ.7.5.3 УБИ.7.5.4 УБИ.7.5.5 ...

Каталоги

БДУ ФСТЭК:
УБИ.023 Угроза изменения компонентов информационной (автоматизированной) системы
Угроза заключается в возможности получения нарушителем доступа к сети, файлам, внедрения закладок и т.п. путём несанкционированн...
УБИ.169 Угроза наличия механизмов разработчика
Угроза заключается в возможности перехвата управления программой за счёт использования отладочных механизмов (специальных програ...
УБИ.188 Угроза подмены программного обеспечения
Угроза заключается в возможности осуществления нарушителем внедрения в систему вредоносного программного обеспечения за счёт заг...
Техники ATT&CK:
Новая БДУ ФСТЭК Способы реализации:

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