Cервис управления информационной безопасностью
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MITRE ATT&CK - Technique Exploit Public-Facing Application
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Exploit Public-Facing Applicat...
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SECURITM это SGRC система, ? автоматизирующая процессы в службах информационной безопасности. SECURITM помогает построить и управлять ИСПДн, КИИ, ГИС, СМИБ/СУИБ, банковскими системами защиты.
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Exploit Public-Facing Application

Adversaries may attempt to take advantage of a weakness in an Internet-facing computer or program using software, data, or commands in order to cause unintended or unanticipated behavior. The weakness in the system can be a bug, a glitch, or a design vulnerability. These applications are often websites, but can include databases (like SQL), standard services (like SMB or SSH), network device administration and management protocols (like SNMP and Smart Install), and any other applications with Internet accessible open sockets, such as web servers and related services.(Citation: NVD CVE-2016-6662)(Citation: CIS Multiple SMB Vulnerabilities)(Citation: US-CERT TA18-106A Network Infrastructure Devices 2018)(Citation: Cisco Blog Legacy Device Attacks)(Citation: NVD CVE-2014-7169) Depending on the flaw being exploited this may include Exploitation for Defense Evasion. If an application is hosted on cloud-based infrastructure and/or is containerized, then exploiting it may lead to compromise of the underlying instance or container. This can allow an adversary a path to access the cloud or container APIs, exploit container host access via Escape to Host, or take advantage of weak identity and access management policies. For websites and databases, the OWASP top 10 and CWE top 25 highlight the most common web-based vulnerabilities.(Citation: OWASP Top 10)(Citation: CWE top 25)

ID: T1190
Tactic(s): Initial Access
Platforms: Containers, IaaS, Linux, macOS, Network, Windows
Data Sources: Application Log: Application Log Content, Network Traffic: Network Traffic Content
Version: 2.3
Created: 18 Apr 2018
Last Modified: 19 Apr 2022

Procedure Examples
Name Description
Rocke

Rocke exploited Apache Struts, Oracle WebLogic (CVE-2017-10271), and Adobe ColdFusion (CVE-2017-3066) vulnerabilities to deliver malware.(Citation: Talos Rocke August 2018)(Citation: Unit 42 Rocke January 2019)
Threat Group-3390

Threat Group-3390 has exploited the Microsoft SharePoint vulnerability CVE-2019-0604 and CVE-2021-26855, CVE-2021-26857, CVE-2021-26858, and CVE-2021-27065 in Exchange Server.(Citation: Trend Micro Iron Tiger April 2021)
Siloscape

Siloscape is executed after the attacker gains initial access to a Windows container using a known vulnerability.(Citation: Unit 42 Siloscape Jun 2021)

APT28

APT28 has used a variety of public exploits, including CVE 2020-0688 and CVE 2020-17144, to gain execution on vulnerable Microsoft Exchange; they have also conducted SQL injection attacks against external websites.(Citation: US District Court Indictment GRU Oct 2018)(Citation: Cybersecurity Advisory GRU Brute Force Campaign July 2021)
Kimsuky

Kimsuky has exploited various vulnerabilities for initial access, including Microsoft Exchange vulnerability CVE-2020-0688.(Citation: KISA Operation Muzabi)

During Operation Wocao, threat actors gained initial access by exploiting vulnerabilities in JBoss webservers.(Citation: FoxIT Wocao December 2019)

During Night Dragon, threat actors used SQL injection exploits against extranet web servers to gain access.(Citation: McAfee Night Dragon)
BackdoorDiplomacy

BackdoorDiplomacy has exploited CVE-2020-5902, an F5 BIP-IP vulnerability, to drop a Linux backdoor. BackdoorDiplomacy has also exploited mis-configured Plesk servers.(Citation: ESET BackdoorDiplomacy Jun 2021)
GOLD SOUTHFIELD

GOLD SOUTHFIELD has exploited Oracle WebLogic vulnerabilities for initial compromise.(Citation: Secureworks REvil September 2019)
BlackTech

BlackTech has exploited a buffer overflow vulnerability in Microsoft Internet Information Services (IIS) 6.0, CVE-2017-7269, in order to establish a new HTTP or command and control (C2) server.(Citation: TrendMicro BlackTech June 2017)
sqlmap

sqlmap can be used to automate exploitation of SQL injection vulnerabilities.(Citation: sqlmap Introduction)
Magic Hound

Magic Hound has used open-source JNDI exploit kits to exploit Log4j (CVE-2021-44228) and has exploited ProxyShell (CVE-2021-34473, CVE-2021-34523, CVE-2021-31207) on MS Exchange servers.(Citation: Check Point APT35 CharmPower January 2022)(Citation: DFIR Report APT35 ProxyShell March 2022)(Citation: Cybereason PowerLess February 2022)
Operation Wocao

Operation Wocao has gained initial access via vulnerable webservers.(Citation: FoxIT Wocao December 2019)
SoreFang

SoreFang can gain access by exploiting a Sangfor SSL VPN vulnerability that allows for the placement and delivery of malicious update binaries.(Citation: CISA SoreFang July 2016)
ZxShell

ZxShell has been dropped through exploitation of CVE-2011-2462, CVE-2013-3163, and CVE-2014-0322.(Citation: Talos ZxShell Oct 2014)
Fox Kitten

Fox Kitten has exploited known vulnerabilities in Fortinet, PulseSecure, and Palo Alto VPN appliances.(Citation: ClearkSky Fox Kitten February 2020)(Citation: Dragos PARISITE )(Citation: CrowdStrike PIONEER KITTEN August 2020)(Citation: CISA AA20-259A Iran-Based Actor September 2020)(Citation: ClearSky Pay2Kitten December 2020)
Ke3chang

Ke3chang has compromised networks by exploiting Internet-facing applications, including vulnerable Microsoft Exchange and SharePoint servers.(Citation: Microsoft NICKEL December 2021)

During Operation CuckooBees, the threat actors exploited multiple vulnerabilities in externally facing servers.(Citation: Cybereason OperationCuckooBees May 2022)
menuPass

menuPass has leveraged vulnerabilities in Pulse Secure VPNs to hijack sessions.(Citation: Securelist APT10 March 2021)
Blue Mockingbird

Blue Mockingbird has gained initial access by exploiting CVE-2019-18935, a vulnerability within Telerik UI for ASP.NET AJAX.(Citation: RedCanary Mockingbird May 2020)
GALLIUM

GALLIUM exploited a publicly-facing servers including Wildfly/JBoss servers to gain access to the network.(Citation: Cybereason Soft Cell June 2019)(Citation: Microsoft GALLIUM December 2019)
Earth Lusca

Earth Lusca has compromised victims by directly exploiting vulnerabilities of public-facing servers, including those associated with Microsoft Exchange and Oracle GlassFish.(Citation: TrendMicro EarthLusca 2022)
APT29

APT29 has exploited CVE-2019-19781 for Citrix, CVE-2019-11510 for Pulse Secure VPNs, CVE-2018-13379 for FortiGate VPNs, and CVE-2019-9670 in Zimbra software to gain access. They have also exploited CVE-2020-0688 against the Microsoft Exchange Control Panel to regain access to a network.(Citation: NCSC APT29 July 2020)(Citation: Volexity SolarWinds)(Citation: Cybersecurity Advisory SVR TTP May 2021)
Volatile Cedar

Volatile Cedar has targeted publicly facing web servers, with both automatic and manual vulnerability discovery.(Citation: CheckPoint Volatile Cedar March 2015) (Citation: ClearSky Lebanese Cedar Jan 2021)

Night Dragon

Night Dragon has performed SQL injection attacks of extranet web servers to gain access.(Citation: McAfee Night Dragon)
Havij

Havij is used to automate SQL injection.(Citation: Check Point Havij Analysis)
Moses Staff

Moses Staff has exploited known vulnerabilities in public-facing infrastructure such as Microsoft Exchange Servers.(Citation: Checkpoint MosesStaff Nov 2021)
Dragonfly

Dragonfly has conducted SQL injection attacks, exploited vulnerabilities CVE-2019-19781 and CVE-2020-0688 for Citrix and MS Exchange, and CVE-2018-13379 for Fortinet VPNs.(Citation: CISA AA20-296A Berserk Bear December 2020)
UNC2452

UNC2452 exploited CVE-2020-0688 against the Microsoft Exchange Control Panel to regain access to a network.(Citation: Volexity SolarWinds)
Axiom

Axiom has been observed using SQL injection to gain access to systems.(Citation: Novetta-Axiom)(Citation: Cisco Group 72)
APT41

APT41 exploited CVE-2020-10189 against Zoho ManageEngine Desktop Central, and CVE-2019-19781 to compromise Citrix Application Delivery Controllers (ADC) and gateway devices.(Citation: FireEye APT41 March 2020)
HAFNIUM

HAFNIUM has exploited CVE-2021-26855, CVE-2021-26857, CVE-2021-26858, and CVE-2021-27065 to compromise on-premises versions of Microsoft Exchange Server, enabling access to email accounts and installation of additional malware.(Citation: Microsoft HAFNIUM March 2020)(Citation: Volexity Exchange Marauder March 2021)(Citation: FireEye Exchange Zero Days March 2021)(Citation: Tarrask scheduled task)

MuddyWater

MuddyWater has exploited the Microsoft Exchange memory corruption vulnerability (CVE-2020-0688).(Citation: DHS CISA AA22-055A MuddyWater February 2022)
APT39

APT39 has used SQL injection for initial compromise.(Citation: Symantec Chafer February 2018)

Mitigations
Mitigation Description
Application Isolation and Sandboxing

Restrict execution of code to a virtual environment on or in transit to an endpoint system.
Network Segmentation

Architect sections of the network to isolate critical systems, functions, or resources. Use physical and logical segmentation to prevent access to potentially sensitive systems and information. Use a DMZ to contain any internet-facing services that should not be exposed from the internal network. Configure separate virtual private cloud (VPC) instances to isolate critical cloud systems.
Vulnerability Scanning

Vulnerability scanning is used to find potentially exploitable software vulnerabilities to remediate them.
Privileged Account Management

Manage the creation, modification, use, and permissions associated to privileged accounts, including SYSTEM and root.
Exploit Protection

Use capabilities to detect and block conditions that may lead to or be indicative of a software exploit occurring.
Exploit Public-Facing Application Mitigation

Application isolation and least privilege help lesson the impact of an exploit. Application isolation will limit what other processes and system features the exploited target can access, and least privilege for service accounts will limit what permissions the exploited process gets on the rest of the system. Web Application Firewalls may be used to limit exposure of applications. Segment externally facing servers and services from the rest of the network with a DMZ or on separate hosting infrastructure. Use secure coding best practices when designing custom software that is meant for deployment to externally facing systems. Avoid issues documented by OWASP, CWE, and other software weakness identification efforts. Regularly scan externally facing systems for vulnerabilities and establish procedures to rapidly patch systems when critical vulnerabilities are discovered through scanning and through public disclosure.
Update Software

Perform regular software updates to mitigate exploitation risk.

Detection

Monitor application logs for abnormal behavior that may indicate attempted or successful exploitation. Use deep packet inspection to look for artifacts of common exploit traffic, such as SQL injection. Web Application Firewalls may detect improper inputs attempting exploitation.

References

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  2. McAfee® Foundstone® Professional Services and McAfee Labs™. (2011, February 10). Global Energy Cyberattacks: “Night Dragon”. Retrieved February 19, 2018.
  3. US-CERT. (2018, April 20). Russian State-Sponsored Cyber Actors Targeting Network Infrastructure Devices. Retrieved October 19, 2020.
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  6. National Vulnerability Database. (2017, September 24). CVE-2014-7169 Detail. Retrieved April 3, 2018.
  7. National Vulnerability Database. (2017, February 2). CVE-2016-6662 Detail. Retrieved April 3, 2018.
  8. CIS. (2017, May 15). Multiple Vulnerabilities in Microsoft Windows SMB Server Could Allow for Remote Code Execution. Retrieved April 3, 2018.
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  15. CISA. (2020, September 15). Iran-Based Threat Actor Exploits VPN Vulnerabilities. Retrieved December 21, 2020.
  16. Orleans, A. (2020, August 31). Who Is PIONEER KITTEN?. Retrieved December 21, 2020.
  17. Dragos. (n.d.). PARISITE. Retrieved December 21, 2020.
  18. ClearSky. (2020, February 16). Fox Kitten – Widespread Iranian Espionage-Offensive Campaign. Retrieved December 21, 2020.
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  22. National Cyber Security Centre. (2020, July 16). Advisory: APT29 targets COVID-19 vaccine development. Retrieved September 29, 2020.
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  27. Dantzig, M. v., Schamper, E. (2019, December 19). Operation Wocao: Shining a light on one of China’s hidden hacking groups. Retrieved October 8, 2020.
  28. Checkpoint Research. (2021, November 15). Uncovering MosesStaff techniques: Ideology over Money. Retrieved August 11, 2022.
  29. Counter Threat Unit Research Team. (2019, September 24). REvil/Sodinokibi Ransomware. Retrieved August 4, 2020.
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  39. MSTIC. (2019, December 12). GALLIUM: Targeting global telecom. Retrieved January 13, 2021.
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  41. MSTIC. (2021, March 2). HAFNIUM targeting Exchange Servers with 0-day exploits. Retrieved March 3, 2021.
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  52. DFIR Report. (2022, March 21). APT35 Automates Initial Access Using ProxyShell. Retrieved May 25, 2022.
  53. Cybereason Nocturnus. (2022, February 1). PowerLess Trojan: Iranian APT Phosphorus Adds New PowerShell Backdoor for Espionage. Retrieved June 1, 2022.
  54. Check Point. (2022, January 11). APT35 exploits Log4j vulnerability to distribute new modular PowerShell toolkit. Retrieved January 24, 2022.
  55. Symantec. (2018, February 28). Chafer: Latest Attacks Reveal Heightened Ambitions. Retrieved May 22, 2020.
  56. Lambert, T. (2020, May 7). Introducing Blue Mockingbird. Retrieved May 26, 2020.
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