Obfuscated Files or Information: Упаковка ПО
Other sub-techniques of Obfuscated Files or Information (17)
Adversaries may perform software packing or virtual machine software protection to conceal their code. Software packing is a method of compressing or encrypting an executable. Packing an executable changes the file signature in an attempt to avoid signature-based detection. Most decompression techniques decompress the executable code in memory. Virtual machine software protection translates an executable's original code into a special format that only a special virtual machine can run. A virtual machine is then called to run this code.(Citation: ESET FinFisher Jan 2018) Utilities used to perform software packing are called packers. Example packers are MPRESS and UPX. A more comprehensive list of known packers is available, but adversaries may create their own packing techniques that do not leave the same artifacts as well-known packers to evade defenses.(Citation: Awesome Executable Packing)
Примеры процедур |
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| Название | Описание |
|---|---|
| Night Dragon |
Night Dragon is known to use software packing in its tools.(Citation: McAfee Night Dragon) |
| GoldMax |
GoldMax has been packed for obfuscation.(Citation: FireEye SUNSHUTTLE Mar 2021) |
| Lokibot |
Lokibot has used several packing methods for obfuscation.(Citation: Infoblox Lokibot January 2019) |
| Cuba |
Cuba has a packed payload when delivered.(Citation: McAfee Cuba April 2021) |
| VERMIN |
VERMIN is initially packed.(Citation: Unit 42 VERMIN Jan 2018) |
| China Chopper |
China Chopper's client component is packed with UPX.(Citation: Lee 2013) |
|
During C0017, APT41 used VMProtect to slow the reverse engineering of malicious binaries.(Citation: Mandiant APT41) |
|
| Raspberry Robin |
Raspberry Robin contains multiple payloads that are packed for defense evasion purposes and unpacked on runtime.(Citation: TrendMicro RaspberryRobin 2022) |
| Lazarus Group |
Lazarus Group has used Themida to pack malicious DLLs and other files.(Citation: ClearSky Lazarus Aug 2020)(Citation: McAfee Lazarus Nov 2020) |
| Raindrop |
Raindrop used a custom packer for its Cobalt Strike payload, which was compressed using the LZMA algorithm.(Citation: Symantec RAINDROP January 2021)(Citation: Microsoft Deep Dive Solorigate January 2021) |
| Troll Stealer |
Troll Stealer has been delivered as a VMProtect-packed binary.(Citation: S2W Troll Stealer 2024)(Citation: ASEC Troll Stealer 2024) |
| The White Company |
The White Company has obfuscated their payloads through packing.(Citation: Cylance Shaheen Nov 2018) |
| Uroburos |
Uroburos uses a custom packer.(Citation: Symantec Waterbug)(Citation: Joint Cybersecurity Advisory AA23-129A Snake Malware May 2023) |
| Spark |
Spark has been packed with Enigma Protector to obfuscate its contents.(Citation: Unit42 Molerat Mar 2020) |
| TA2541 |
TA2541 has used a .NET packer to obfuscate malicious files.(Citation: Cisco Operation Layover September 2021) |
| NETWIRE |
NETWIRE has used .NET packer tools to evade detection.(Citation: Red Canary NETWIRE January 2020) |
| Machete |
Machete has been packed with NSIS.(Citation: ESET Machete July 2019) |
| AppleSeed |
AppleSeed has used UPX packers for its payload DLL.(Citation: Malwarebytes Kimsuky June 2021) |
| Daserf |
A version of Daserf uses the MPRESS packer.(Citation: Trend Micro Daserf Nov 2017) |
| APT41 |
APT41 uses packers such as Themida to obfuscate malicious files.(Citation: Rostovcev APT41 2021) |
| Dok |
Dok is packed with an UPX executable packer.(Citation: hexed osx.dok analysis 2019) |
| Dark Caracal |
Dark Caracal has used UPX to pack Bandook.(Citation: Lookout Dark Caracal Jan 2018) |
| KONNI |
KONNI has been packed for obfuscation.(Citation: Malwarebytes KONNI Evolves Jan 2022) |
| LockBit 3.0 |
LockBit 3.0 can use code packing to hinder analysis.(Citation: Sentinel Labs LockBit 3.0 JUL 2022)(Citation: INCIBE-CERT LockBit MAR 2024) |
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During Night Dragon, threat actors used software packing in its tools.(Citation: McAfee Night Dragon) |
|
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For Operation Spalax, the threat actors used a variety of packers, including CyaX, to obfuscate malicious executables.(Citation: ESET Operation Spalax Jan 2021) |
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| Astaroth |
Astaroth uses a software packer called Pe123\RPolyCryptor.(Citation: Cybereason Astaroth Feb 2019) |
| Aoqin Dragon |
Aoqin Dragon has used the Themida packer to obfuscate malicious payloads.(Citation: SentinelOne Aoqin Dragon June 2022) |
| Trojan.Karagany |
Trojan.Karagany samples sometimes use common binary packers such as UPX and Aspack on top of a custom Delphi binary packer.(Citation: Symantec Dragonfly)(Citation: Secureworks Karagany July 2019) |
| MoustachedBouncer |
MoustachedBouncer has used malware plugins packed with Themida.(Citation: MoustachedBouncer ESET August 2023) |
| FinFisher |
A FinFisher variant uses a custom packer.(Citation: FinFisher Citation)(Citation: Securelist BlackOasis Oct 2017) |
| APT39 |
APT39 has packed tools with UPX, and has repacked a modified version of Mimikatz to thwart anti-virus detection.(Citation: FireEye APT39 Jan 2019)(Citation: BitDefender Chafer May 2020) |
| Babuk |
Versions of Babuk have been packed.(Citation: Sogeti CERT ESEC Babuk March 2021)(Citation: McAfee Babuk February 2021)(Citation: Medium Babuk February 2021) |
| StrelaStealer |
StrelaStealer variants have used packers to obfuscate payloads and make analysis more difficult.(Citation: PaloAlto StrelaStealer 2024) |
| Hildegard |
Hildegard has packed ELF files into other binaries.(Citation: Unit 42 Hildegard Malware) |
| Egregor |
Egregor's payloads are custom-packed, archived and encrypted to prevent analysis.(Citation: NHS Digital Egregor Nov 2020)(Citation: Cyble Egregor Oct 2020) |
| TA505 |
TA505 has used UPX to obscure malicious code.(Citation: IBM TA505 April 2020) |
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For Operation Dust Storm, the threat actors used UPX to pack some payloads.(Citation: Cylance Dust Storm) |
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| Volt Typhoon |
Volt Typhoon has used the Ultimate Packer for Executables (UPX) to obfuscate the FRP client files BrightmetricAgent.exe and SMSvcService.ex) and the port scanning utility ScanLine.(Citation: CISA AA24-038A PRC Critical Infrastructure February 2024) |
| TrickBot |
TrickBot leverages a custom packer to obfuscate its functionality.(Citation: S2 Grupo TrickBot June 2017) |
| Lucifer |
Lucifer has used UPX packed binaries.(Citation: Unit 42 Lucifer June 2020) |
| GALLIUM |
GALLIUM packed some payloads using different types of packers, both known and custom.(Citation: Cybereason Soft Cell June 2019) |
| Donut |
Donut can generate packed code modules.(Citation: Donut Github) |
| TeamTNT |
TeamTNT has used UPX and Ezuri packer to pack its binaries.(Citation: Trend Micro TeamTNT) |
| APT38 |
APT38 has used several code packing methods such as Themida, Enigma, VMProtect, and Obsidium, to pack their implants.(Citation: FireEye APT38 Oct 2018) |
| SDBbot |
SDBbot has used a packed installer file.(Citation: IBM TA505 April 2020) |
| Tomiris |
Tomiris has been packed with UPX.(Citation: Kaspersky Tomiris Sep 2021) |
| Sagerunex |
Sagerunex has used VMProtect to pack and obscure itself.(Citation: Cisco LotusBlossom 2025) |
| CostaBricks |
CostaBricks can implement a custom-built virtual machine mechanism to obfuscate its code.(Citation: BlackBerry CostaRicto November 2020) |
| Latrodectus |
The Latrodectus payload has been packed for obfuscation.(Citation: Elastic Latrodectus May 2024) |
| Clop |
Clop has been packed to help avoid detection.(Citation: Mcafee Clop Aug 2019)(Citation: Cybereason Clop Dec 2020) |
| FatDuke |
FatDuke has been regularly repacked by its operators to create large binaries and evade detection.(Citation: ESET Dukes October 2019) |
| Saint Bot |
Saint Bot has been packed using a dark market crypter.(Citation: Malwarebytes Saint Bot April 2021) |
| Torisma |
Torisma has been packed with Iz4 compression.(Citation: McAfee Lazarus Nov 2020) |
| HotCroissant |
HotCroissant has used the open source UPX executable packer.(Citation: Carbon Black HotCroissant April 2020) |
| BLINDINGCAN |
BLINDINGCAN has been packed with the UPX packer.(Citation: US-CERT BLINDINGCAN Aug 2020) |
| Rocke |
Rocke's miner has created UPX-packed files in the Windows Start Menu Folder.(Citation: Talos Rocke August 2018)(Citation: Unit 42 Rocke January 2019)(Citation: Anomali Rocke March 2019) |
| OSX_OCEANLOTUS.D |
OSX_OCEANLOTUS.D has a variant that is packed with UPX.(Citation: ESET OceanLotus macOS April 2019) |
| Ember Bear |
Ember Bear has packed malware to help avoid detection.(Citation: Palo Alto Unit 42 OutSteel SaintBot February 2022 ) |
| Patchwork |
A Patchwork payload was packed with UPX.(Citation: Securelist Dropping Elephant) |
| jRAT |
jRAT payloads have been packed.(Citation: Kaspersky Adwind Feb 2016) |
| Zebrocy |
Zebrocy's Delphi variant was packed with UPX.(Citation: Unit42 Sofacy Dec 2018)(Citation: Accenture SNAKEMACKEREL Nov 2018) |
| SeaDuke |
SeaDuke has been packed with the UPX packer.(Citation: Unit 42 SeaDuke 2015) |
| Lazarus Group |
Lazarus Group has used Themida to pack at least two separate backdoor implants.(Citation: F-Secure Lazarus Cryptocurrency Aug 2020) |
| COATHANGER |
The first stage of COATHANGER is delivered as a packed file.(Citation: NCSC-NL COATHANGER Feb 2024) |
| HyperBro |
HyperBro has the ability to pack its payload.(Citation: Trend Micro Iron Tiger April 2021) |
| S-Type |
Some S-Type samples have been packed with UPX.(Citation: Cylance Dust Storm) |
| LiteDuke |
LiteDuke has been packed with multiple layers of encryption.(Citation: ESET Dukes October 2019) |
| H1N1 |
H1N1 uses a custom packing algorithm.(Citation: Cisco H1N1 Part 1) |
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During the 2016 Ukraine Electric Power Attack, Sandworm Team used UPX to pack a copy of Mimikatz.(Citation: Dragos Crashoverride 2018) |
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| Valak |
Valak has used packed DLL payloads.(Citation: SentinelOne Valak June 2020) |
| DRATzarus |
DRATzarus's dropper can be packed with UPX.(Citation: ClearSky Lazarus Aug 2020) |
| Kimsuky |
Kimsuky has packed malware with UPX.(Citation: Malwarebytes Kimsuky June 2021) |
| ShimRat |
ShimRat's loader has been packed with the compressed ShimRat core DLL and the legitimate DLL for it to hijack.(Citation: FOX-IT May 2016 Mofang) |
| ZIRCONIUM |
ZIRCONIUM has used multi-stage packers for exploit code.(Citation: Check Point APT31 February 2021) |
| Bisonal |
Bisonal has used the MPRESS packer and similar tools for obfuscation.(Citation: Talos Bisonal Mar 2020) |
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During Operation Dream Job, Lazarus Group packed malicious .db files with Themida to evade detection.(Citation: ClearSky Lazarus Aug 2020)(Citation: McAfee Lazarus Jul 2020)(Citation: McAfee Lazarus Nov 2020) |
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| ZeroT |
Some ZeroT DLL files have been packed with UPX.(Citation: Proofpoint ZeroT Feb 2017) |
| Squirrelwaffle |
Squirrelwaffle has been packed with a custom packer to hide payloads.(Citation: ZScaler Squirrelwaffle Sep 2021)(Citation: Netskope Squirrelwaffle Oct 2021) |
| DarkComet |
DarkComet has the option to compress its payload using UPX or MPRESS.(Citation: Malwarebytes DarkComet March 2018) |
| GreyEnergy |
GreyEnergy is packed for obfuscation.(Citation: ESET GreyEnergy Oct 2018) |
| Dyre |
Dyre has been delivered with encrypted resources and must be unpacked for execution.(Citation: Malwarebytes Dyreza November 2015) |
| Melcoz |
Melcoz has been packed with VMProtect and Themida.(Citation: Securelist Brazilian Banking Malware July 2020) |
| Metamorfo |
Metamorfo has used VMProtect to pack and protect files.(Citation: Fortinet Metamorfo Feb 2020) |
| Threat Group-3390 |
Threat Group-3390 has packed malware and tools, including using VMProtect.(Citation: Trend Micro DRBControl February 2020)(Citation: Trend Micro Iron Tiger April 2021) |
| yty |
yty packs a plugin with UPX.(Citation: ASERT Donot March 2018) |
| Emotet |
Emotet has used custom packers to protect its payloads.(Citation: Trend Micro Emotet Jan 2019) |
| OopsIE |
OopsIE uses the SmartAssembly obfuscator to pack an embedded .Net Framework assembly used for C2.(Citation: Unit 42 OopsIE! Feb 2018) |
| Saint Bear |
Saint Bear clones .NET assemblies from other .NET binaries as well as cloning code signing certificates from other software to obfuscate the initial loader payload.(Citation: Palo Alto Unit 42 OutSteel SaintBot February 2022 ) |
| CSPY Downloader |
CSPY Downloader has been packed with UPX.(Citation: Cybereason Kimsuky November 2020) |
| SysUpdate |
SysUpdate has been packed with VMProtect.(Citation: Trend Micro Iron Tiger April 2021)(Citation: Lunghi Iron Tiger Linux) |
| Sandworm Team |
Sandworm Team used UPX to pack a copy of Mimikatz.(Citation: Dragos Crashoverride 2018) |
| Mongall |
Mongall has been packed with Themida.(Citation: SentinelOne Aoqin Dragon June 2022) |
| Misdat |
Misdat was typically packed using UPX.(Citation: Cylance Dust Storm) |
| XLoader |
XLoader uses various packers, including CyaX, to obfuscate malicious executables.(Citation: Netskope XLoader 2022) |
| FYAnti |
FYAnti has used ConfuserEx to pack its .NET module.(Citation: Securelist APT10 March 2021) |
| QakBot |
QakBot can encrypt and pack malicious payloads.(Citation: Cyberint Qakbot May 2021) |
| IcedID |
IcedID has packed and encrypted its loader module.(Citation: Juniper IcedID June 2020) |
| APT3 |
APT3 has been known to pack their tools.(Citation: APT3 Adversary Emulation Plan)(Citation: FireEye Clandestine Wolf) |
| Anchor |
Anchor has come with a packed payload.(Citation: Cyberreason Anchor December 2019) |
| Elderwood |
Elderwood has packed malware payloads before delivery to victims.(Citation: Symantec Elderwood Sept 2012) |
| Bazar |
Bazar has a variant with a packed payload.(Citation: Cybereason Bazar July 2020)(Citation: Zscaler Bazar September 2020) |
| APT29 |
APT29 used UPX to pack files.(Citation: Mandiant No Easy Breach) |
Контрмеры |
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| Контрмера | Описание |
|---|---|
| Antivirus/Antimalware |
Antivirus/Antimalware solutions utilize signatures, heuristics, and behavioral analysis to detect, block, and remediate malicious software, including viruses, trojans, ransomware, and spyware. These solutions continuously monitor endpoints and systems for known malicious patterns and suspicious behaviors that indicate compromise. Antivirus/Antimalware software should be deployed across all devices, with automated updates to ensure protection against the latest threats. This mitigation can be implemented through the following measures: Signature-Based Detection: - Implementation: Use predefined signatures to identify known malware based on unique patterns such as file hashes, byte sequences, or command-line arguments. This method is effective against known threats. - Use Case: When malware like "Emotet" is detected, its signature (such as a specific file hash) matches a known database of malicious software, triggering an alert and allowing immediate quarantine of the infected file. Heuristic-Based Detection: - Implementation: Deploy heuristic algorithms that analyze behavior and characteristics of files and processes to identify potential malware, even if it doesn’t match a known signature. - Use Case: If a program attempts to modify multiple critical system files or initiate suspicious network communications, heuristic analysis may flag it as potentially malicious, even if no specific malware signature is available. Behavioral Detection (Behavior Prevention): - Implementation: Use behavioral analysis to detect patterns of abnormal activities, such as unusual system calls, unauthorized file encryption, or attempts to escalate privileges. - Use Case: Behavioral analysis can detect ransomware attacks early by identifying behavior like mass file encryption, even before a specific ransomware signature has been identified. Real-Time Scanning: - Implementation: Enable real-time scanning to automatically inspect files and network traffic for signs of malware as they are accessed, downloaded, or executed. - Use Case: When a user downloads an email attachment, the antivirus solution scans the file in real-time, checking it against both signatures and heuristics to detect any malicious content before it can be opened. Cloud-Assisted Threat Intelligence: - Implementation: Use cloud-based threat intelligence to ensure the antivirus solution can access the latest malware definitions and real-time threat feeds from a global database of emerging threats. - Use Case: Cloud-assisted antivirus solutions quickly identify newly discovered malware by cross-referencing against global threat databases, providing real-time protection against zero-day attacks. **Tools for Implementation**: - Endpoint Security Platforms: Use solutions such as EDR for comprehensive antivirus/antimalware protection across all systems. - Centralized Management: Implement centralized antivirus management consoles that provide visibility into threat activity, enable policy enforcement, and automate updates. - Behavioral Analysis Tools: Leverage solutions with advanced behavioral analysis capabilities to detect malicious activity patterns that don’t rely on known signatures. |
Обнаружение
Use file scanning to look for known software packers or artifacts of packing techniques. Packing is not a definitive indicator of malicious activity, because legitimate software may use packing techniques to reduce binary size or to protect proprietary code.
Ссылки
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