Cервис управления информационной безопасностью
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MITRE ATT&CK - Technique System Network Connections Discovery
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System Network Connections Discovery

Adversaries may attempt to get a listing of network connections to or from the compromised system they are currently accessing or from remote systems by querying for information over the network. An adversary who gains access to a system that is part of a cloud-based environment may map out Virtual Private Clouds or Virtual Networks in order to determine what systems and services are connected. The actions performed are likely the same types of discovery techniques depending on the operating system, but the resulting information may include details about the networked cloud environment relevant to the adversary's goals. Cloud providers may have different ways in which their virtual networks operate.(Citation: Amazon AWS VPC Guide)(Citation: Microsoft Azure Virtual Network Overview)(Citation: Google VPC Overview) Similarly, adversaries who gain access to network devices may also perform similar discovery activities to gather information about connected systems and services. Utilities and commands that acquire this information include netstat, "net use," and "net session" with Net. In Mac and Linux, netstat and lsof can be used to list current connections. who -a and w can be used to show which users are currently logged in, similar to "net session". Additionally, built-in features native to network devices and Network Device CLI may be used (e.g. show ip sockets, show tcp brief).(Citation: US-CERT-TA18-106A)

ID: T1049
Tactic(s): Discovery
Platforms: IaaS, Linux, macOS, Network, Windows
Data Sources: Command: Command Execution, Process: OS API Execution, Process: Process Creation
Version: 2.4
Created: 31 May 2017
Last Modified: 06 Sep 2022

Procedure Examples
Name Description
Lucifer

Lucifer can identify the IP and port numbers for all remote connections from the compromised host.(Citation: Unit 42 Lucifer June 2020)
Trojan.Karagany

Trojan.Karagany can use netstat to collect a list of network connections.(Citation: Secureworks Karagany July 2019)
Babuk

Babuk can use “WNetOpenEnumW” and “WNetEnumResourceW” to enumerate files in network resources for encryption.(Citation: McAfee Babuk February 2021)
APT38

APT38 installed a port monitoring tool, MAPMAKER, to print the active TCP connections on the local system.(Citation: FireEye APT38 Oct 2018)
menuPass

menuPass has used net use to conduct connectivity checks to machines.(Citation: PWC Cloud Hopper April 2017)
ShimRatReporter

ShimRatReporter used the Windows function GetExtendedUdpTable to detect connected UDP endpoints.(Citation: FOX-IT May 2016 Mofang)
Zebrocy

Zebrocy uses netstat -aon to gather network connection information.(Citation: ESET Zebrocy May 2019)
PoshC2

PoshC2 contains an implementation of netstat to enumerate TCP and UDP connections.(Citation: GitHub PoshC2)
Poseidon Group

Poseidon Group obtains and saves information about victim network interfaces and addresses.(Citation: Kaspersky Poseidon Group)
Remsec

Remsec can obtain a list of active connections and open ports.(Citation: Kaspersky ProjectSauron Technical Analysis)

During Operation Wocao, threat actors collected a list of open connections on the infected system using `netstat` and checks whether it has an internet connection.(Citation: FoxIT Wocao December 2019)
GravityRAT

GravityRAT uses the netstat command to find open ports on the victim’s machine.(Citation: Talos GravityRAT)
netstat

netstat can be used to enumerate local network connections, including active TCP connections and other network statistics.(Citation: TechNet Netstat)
KONNI

KONNI has used net session on the victim's machine.(Citation: Malwarebytes Konni Aug 2021)

TeamTNT

TeamTNT has run netstat -anp to search for rival malware connections.(Citation: Trend Micro TeamTNT) TeamTNT has also used `libprocesshider` to modify /etc/ld.so.preload.(Citation: ATT TeamTNT Chimaera September 2020)
Andariel

Andariel has used the netstat -naop tcp command to display TCP connections on a victim's machine.(Citation: Kaspersky Andariel Ransomware June 2021)
Mustang Panda

Mustang Panda has used netstat -ano to determine network connection information.(Citation: Avira Mustang Panda January 2020)
CrackMapExec

CrackMapExec can discover active sessions for a targeted system.(Citation: CME Github September 2018)
Maze

Maze has used the "WNetOpenEnumW", "WNetEnumResourceW”, “WNetCloseEnum” and “WNetAddConnection2W” functions to enumerate the network resources on the infected machine.(Citation: McAfee Maze March 2020)
RATANKBA

RATANKBA uses netstat -ano to search for specific IP address ranges.(Citation: RATANKBA)
Turla

Turla surveys a system upon check-in to discover active local network connections using the netstat -an, net use, net file, and net session commands.(Citation: Kaspersky Turla)(Citation: ESET ComRAT May 2020) Turla RPC backdoors have also enumerated the IPv4 TCP connection table via the GetTcpTable2 API call.(Citation: ESET Turla PowerShell May 2019)
Carbon

Carbon uses the netstat -r and netstat -an commands.(Citation: GovCERT Carbon May 2016)
Machete

Machete uses the netsh wlan show networks mode=bssid and netsh wlan show interfaces commands to list all nearby WiFi networks and connected interfaces.(Citation: ESET Machete July 2019)

Torisma

Torisma can use `WTSEnumerateSessionsW` to monitor remote desktop connections.(Citation: McAfee Lazarus Nov 2020)
Cobalt Strike

Cobalt Strike can produce a sessions report from compromised hosts.(Citation: Talos Cobalt Strike September 2020)
Net

Commands such as net use and net session can be used in Net to gather information about network connections from a particular host.(Citation: Savill 1999)
APT3

APT3 has a tool that can enumerate current network connections.(Citation: Symantec Buckeye)(Citation: FireEye Clandestine Fox)(Citation: evolution of pirpi)
BlackEnergy

BlackEnergy has gathered information about local network connections using netstat.(Citation: F-Secure BlackEnergy 2014)(Citation: Securelist BlackEnergy Nov 2014)
Dtrack

Dtrack can collect network and active connection information.(Citation: Securelist Dtrack)
Operation Wocao

Operation Wocao has collected a list of open connections on the infected system using netstat and checks whether it has an internet connection.(Citation: FoxIT Wocao December 2019)
Volt Typhoon

Volt Typhoon has used `netstat -ano` on compromised hosts to enumerate network connections.(Citation: Joint Cybersecurity Advisory Volt Typhoon June 2023)(Citation: Secureworks BRONZE SILHOUETTE May 2023)

Sandworm Team

Sandworm Team had gathered user, IP address, and server data related to RDP sessions on a compromised host. It has also accessed network diagram files useful for understanding how a host's network was configured.(Citation: US District Court Indictment GRU Unit 74455 October 2020)(Citation: Dragos Crashoverride 2018)

Epic

Epic uses the net use, net session, and netstat commands to gather information on network connections.(Citation: Kaspersky Turla)(Citation: Kaspersky Turla Aug 2014)
Comnie

Comnie executes the netstat -ano command.(Citation: Palo Alto Comnie)
Pacu

Once inside a Virtual Private Cloud, Pacu can attempt to identify DirectConnect, VPN, or VPC Peering.(Citation: GitHub Pacu)
Egregor

Egregor can enumerate all connected drives.(Citation: NHS Digital Egregor Nov 2020)
LunarWeb

LunarWeb can enumerate system network connections.(Citation: ESET Turla Lunar toolset May 2024)
Mafalda

Mafalda can use the GetExtendedTcpTable function to retrieve information about established TCP connections.(Citation: SentinelLabs Metador Sept 2022)
Cuba

Cuba can use the function GetIpNetTable to recover the last connections to the victim's machine.(Citation: McAfee Cuba April 2021)

NETWIRE

NETWIRE can capture session logon details from a compromised host.(Citation: FireEye NETWIRE March 2019)
OSInfo

OSInfo enumerates the current network connections similar to net use .(Citation: Symantec Buckeye)
Sykipot

Sykipot may use netstat -ano to display active network connections.(Citation: AlienVault Sykipot 2011)
PyDCrypt

PyDCrypt has used netsh to find RPC connections on remote machines.(Citation: Checkpoint MosesStaff Nov 2021)
APT1

APT1 used the net use command to get a listing on network connections.(Citation: Mandiant APT1)
Waterbear

Waterbear can use API hooks on `GetExtendedTcpTable` to retrieve a table containing a list of TCP endpoints available to the application.(Citation: Trend Micro Waterbear December 2019)

PlugX

PlugX has a module for enumerating TCP and UDP network connections and associated processes using the netstat command.(Citation: CIRCL PlugX March 2013)
FRP

FRP can use a dashboard and U/I to display the status of connections from the FRP client and server.(Citation: FRP GitHub)
OilRig

OilRig has used netstat -an on a victim to get a listing of network connections.(Citation: Palo Alto OilRig May 2016)
ToddyCat

ToddyCat has used `netstat -anop tcp` to discover TCP connections to compromised hosts.(Citation: Kaspersky ToddyCat Check Logs October 2023)
Duqu

The discovery modules used with Duqu can collect information on network connections.(Citation: Symantec W32.Duqu)
Magic Hound

Magic Hound has used quser.exe to identify existing RDP connections.(Citation: DFIR Report APT35 ProxyShell March 2022)
nbtstat

nbtstat can be used to discover current NetBIOS sessions.
Chimera

Chimera has used netstat -ano | findstr EST to discover network connections.(Citation: NCC Group Chimera January 2021)
MuddyWater

MuddyWater has used a PowerShell backdoor to check for Skype connections on the target machine.(Citation: Trend Micro Muddy Water March 2021)
SLOTHFULMEDIA

SLOTHFULMEDIA can enumerate open ports on a victim machine.(Citation: CISA MAR SLOTHFULMEDIA October 2020)
admin@338

admin@338 actors used the following command following exploitation of a machine with LOWBALL malware to display network connections: netstat -ano >> %temp%\download(Citation: FireEye admin@338)
GALLIUM

GALLIUM used netstat -oan to obtain information about the victim network connections.(Citation: Cybereason Soft Cell June 2019)
CharmPower

CharmPower can use `netsh wlan show profiles` to list specific Wi-Fi profile details.(Citation: Check Point APT35 CharmPower January 2022)
SHOTPUT

SHOTPUT uses netstat to list TCP connection status.(Citation: Palo Alto CVE-2015-3113 July 2015)
APT41

APT41 has enumerated IP addresses of network resources and used the netstat command as part of network reconnaissance. The group has also used a malware variant, HIGHNOON, to enumerate active RDP sessions.(Citation: FireEye APT41 Aug 2019)(Citation: Group IB APT 41 June 2021)
Conti

Conti can enumerate routine network connections from a compromised host.(Citation: CarbonBlack Conti July 2020)
MESSAGETAP

After loading the keyword and phone data files, MESSAGETAP begins monitoring all network connections to and from the victim server. (Citation: FireEye MESSAGETAP October 2019)

During Operation CuckooBees, the threat actors used the `net session`, `net use`, and `netstat` commands as part of their advanced reconnaissance.(Citation: Cybereason OperationCuckooBees May 2022)
Kwampirs

Kwampirs collects a list of active and listening connections by using the command netstat -nao as well as a list of available network mappings with net use.(Citation: Symantec Orangeworm April 2018)
Empire

Empire can enumerate the current network connections of a host.(Citation: Github PowerShell Empire)

During FunnyDream, the threat actors used netstat to discover network connections on remote systems.(Citation: Bitdefender FunnyDream Campaign November 2020)
KOPILUWAK

KOPILUWAK can use netstat, Arp, and Net to discover current TCP connections.(Citation: Mandiant Suspected Turla Campaign February 2023)
HEXANE

HEXANE has used netstat to monitor connections to specific ports.(Citation: Kaspersky Lyceum October 2021)
Sibot

Sibot has retrieved a GUID associated with a present LAN connection on a compromised machine.(Citation: MSTIC NOBELIUM Mar 2021)
SpeakUp

SpeakUp uses the arp -a command. (Citation: CheckPoint SpeakUp Feb 2019)
APT5

APT5 has used the BLOODMINE utility to collect data on web requests from Pulse Secure Connect logs.(Citation: Mandiant Pulse Secure Update May 2021)
BackdoorDiplomacy

BackdoorDiplomacy has used NetCat and PortQry to enumerate network connections and display the status of related TCP and UDP ports.(Citation: ESET BackdoorDiplomacy Jun 2021)
Okrum

Okrum was seen using NetSess to discover NetBIOS sessions.(Citation: ESET Okrum July 2019)
APT32

APT32 used the netstat -anpo tcp command to display TCP connections on the victim's machine.(Citation: Cybereason Cobalt Kitty 2017)
Earth Lusca

Earth Lusca employed a PowerShell script called RDPConnectionParser to read and filter the Windows event log “Microsoft-Windows-TerminalServices-RDPClient/Operational” (Event ID 1024) to obtain network information from RDP connections. Earth Lusca has also used netstat from a compromised system to obtain network connection information.(Citation: TrendMicro EarthLusca 2022)
Tropic Trooper

Tropic Trooper has tested if the localhost network is available and other connection capability on an infected system using command scripts.(Citation: TrendMicro Tropic Trooper May 2020)

POWRUNER

POWRUNER may collect active network connections by running netstat -an on a victim.(Citation: FireEye APT34 Dec 2017)
USBferry

USBferry can use netstat and nbtstat to detect active network connections.(Citation: TrendMicro Tropic Trooper May 2020)

Flagpro

Flagpro has been used to execute netstat -ano on a compromised host.(Citation: NTT Security Flagpro new December 2021)
QakBot

QakBot can use netstat to enumerate current network connections.(Citation: Kaspersky QakBot September 2021)(Citation: Trend Micro Black Basta October 2022)
Ke3chang

Ke3chang performs local network connection discovery using netstat.(Citation: Mandiant Operation Ke3chang November 2014)(Citation: NCC Group APT15 Alive and Strong)
BADHATCH

BADHATCH can execute `netstat.exe -f` on a compromised machine.(Citation: BitDefender BADHATCH Mar 2021)
Pupy

Pupy has a built-in utility command for netstat, can do net session through PowerView, and has an interactive shell which can be used to discover additional information.(Citation: GitHub Pupy)
jRAT

jRAT can list network connections.(Citation: Kaspersky Adwind Feb 2016)
Ramsay

Ramsay can use netstat to enumerate network connections.(Citation: Antiy CERT Ramsay April 2020)
RedLeaves

RedLeaves can enumerate drives and Remote Desktop sessions.(Citation: PWC Cloud Hopper Technical Annex April 2017)
Volgmer

Volgmer can gather information about TCP connection state.(Citation: Symantec Volgmer Aug 2014)
Sardonic

Sardonic has the ability to execute the `netstat` command.(Citation: Bitdefender Sardonic Aug 2021)
Lazarus Group

Lazarus Group has used net use to identify and establish a network connection with a remote host.(Citation: Kaspersky ThreatNeedle Feb 2021)
FIN13

FIN13 has used `netstat` and other net commands for network reconnaissance efforts.(Citation: Mandiant FIN13 Aug 2022)
Sliver

Sliver can collect network connection information.(Citation: GitHub Sliver Netstat)
INC Ransom

INC Ransom has used RDP to test network connections.(Citation: SOCRadar INC Ransom January 2024)
Threat Group-3390

Threat Group-3390 has used `net use` and `netstat` to conduct internal discovery of systems. The group has also used `quser.exe` to identify existing RDP sessions on a victim.(Citation: SecureWorks BRONZE UNION June 2017)
Aria-body

Aria-body has the ability to gather TCP and UDP table status listings.(Citation: CheckPoint Naikon May 2020)
Lizar

Lizar has a plugin to retrieve information about all active network sessions on the infected server.(Citation: BiZone Lizar May 2021)

Mitigations
Mitigation Description
System Network Connections Discovery Mitigation

Identify unnecessary system utilities or potentially malicious software that may be used to acquire information about network connections, and audit and/or block them by using whitelisting (Citation: Beechey 2010) tools, like AppLocker, (Citation: Windows Commands JPCERT) (Citation: NSA MS AppLocker) or Software Restriction Policies (Citation: Corio 2008) where appropriate. (Citation: TechNet Applocker vs SRP)

Detection

System and network discovery techniques normally occur throughout an operation as an adversary learns the environment. Data and events should not be viewed in isolation, but as part of a chain of behavior that could lead to other activities, such as Lateral Movement, based on the information obtained. Monitor processes and command-line arguments for actions that could be taken to gather system and network information. Remote access tools with built-in features may interact directly with the Windows API to gather information. Further, Network Device CLI commands may also be used to gather system and network information with built-in features native to the network device platform. Monitor CLI activity for unexpected or unauthorized use commands being run by non-standard users from non-standard locations. Information may also be acquired through Windows system management tools such as Windows Management Instrumentation and PowerShell.

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